<p>Toba Inlet is one of the lesser, but still principal, inlets of the British Columbia Coast. It is fourth in the series north from the 49th parallel which begins with Burrard Inlet, which is the harbour for the city of Vancouver. Between it and Jervis Inlet to its east, however, there is a freshwater fjord, Powell Lake, which has been augmented by a small hydro project to supply power to the large pulp mill at Powell River, the principal town of the Malaspina Peninsula of the upper Sunshine Coast.</p><br>
<p>Toba Inlet is relatively short in comparison to the other major coastal inlets, being only about 2.5 km in average width and 35 km from the mouth of the powerful (but short) Toba River to the inlet&#39;s mouth at the junctions of Pryce Channel and Homfray Channel at the north tip of East Redonda Island. At the inlet&#39;s head is a village of the Sliammon First Nation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first non-indigenous exploration of Toba Inlet occurred in 1792 when British and Spanish expeditions arrived in the area simultaneously. There was cooperation between the British under George Vancouver and the Spanish under Dionisio Alcalá Galiano. From a base of operation in Desolation Sound boats were sent out to explore the region. On June 25, 1792, Vancouver proposed sending out three parties in boats. The Spanish offered to take on one of the three, this being the investigation of Toba Inlet. Caytetano Valdés left with a boat party early on June 25, and returned on June 27, having determined that the inlet was closed. He described it as being of great depth, with steep shores and high peaks around. On its east shore Valdés found a plank ("tabla" in Spanish) covered with paintings, which he described as "hieroglyphics of the natives". There were several empty villages. The Spanish encountered no inhabitants. Valdés named the inlet after the plank he found, Canal de la Tabla. The British examined the inlet just after Valdés, confirming for themselves the Spanish report. Vancouver kept the Spanish name, which a Spanish map engraver&#39;s mistake had changed to its present form of Toba Inlet.</p><br>
<p>Seymour Inlet is one of the lesser traveled of the principal inlets of the British Columbia Coast. Unlike larger inlets such as Knight or Bute, it is not flanked by mountains but by relatively low, but still rugged, coastal hill-country and forms a maze of complex, narrow waterways and tidal pools and lagoons. It is located within a corresponding maze of peninsulas on the mainland on the northwest side of the Queen Charlotte Strait region.</p><br>
<p>Its main arm is 75 kilometres in length from the mouth of the Seymour River to the mouth of its north arm, Belize Inlet, which is c. 50 km in length and has its own side inlets, narrow waterways named Wentworth Sound and Alison Sound. In between Belize Inlet and Seymour Inlet is Nugent Sound, named for the first U.S. Consul in Victoria; Seymour Inlet itself is named for Frederick Seymour, Governor of the Crown Colony of British Columbia from 1864 to 1869.</p><br>
<p>Seymour Inlet has its own side-inlets, the largest being a south arm named Frederick Sound (also named for the governor), with a side-inlet of its own named Salmon Arm. Another is an unnamed inlet in the southwest corner, 12 km in length with its own side-inlets, including Nenahlmai Lagoon and Whelakis Lagoon. Seymour Inlet does not open directly onto the Queen Charlotte Strait but is accessed via Slingsby Channel and Schooner Channel, which are the passages on either side of Bramham Island.</p><br>
<p>Entrance in Seymour Inlet, between Johnson Point and Hervell Point, are the Nakwakto Rapids, one of the fastest tidal rapid in the world.</p><br>
<p>Dean Channel is the upper end of one of the longest inlets of the British Columbia Coast, 105 km from its head at the mouth of the Kimsquit River. The Dean River, one of the main rivers of the Coast Mountains, enters Dean Channel about 9.5 km below the head of the inlet, at the community of Kimsquit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dean Channel was named by Captain Vancouver in 1793 after Rev. James King, Dean of Raphoe, Ireland. The channel was surveyed by Captain Richards in 1861 of the HMS Hecate. It is located within the Central Coast region.</p><br>
<h2>Branches</h2><br>
<p>Ending at the mouth of Cousins Inlet, which is the harbour for the abandoned town of Ocean Falls, the fjords name changes to Fisher Channel down the west side of King Island. Below Fisher Channels 40 km length the fjord merges with Burke Channel, which is a 70 km sidewater of the Dean/Fisher Channel on the east side of King Island, the name of the fjord changes to Fitz Hugh Sound, which is considerably wider than the upper part of the fjord at about 10 km in width and is itself about 60 km in length. Fitz Hugh Sound passes on the inside of Calvert Island and opens onto Queen Charlotte Sound just northwest of the opening of Queen Charlotte Strait.</p><br>
<p>Opening onto Fitz Hugh Sound in its lower reaches near Queen Charlotte Sound is Rivers Inlet, home of the Wuikinuxv people (Owekeeno). The total length of the fjord from the head of Dean Channel to the mouth of Fitz Hugh Sound is about 170 km rivalling Hardangerfjord in Norway for length. If the additional lengths of South Bentinck Arm (45 km) and North Bentinck Arm (30 km), plus Burke Channel and its shorter companion, Labouchere Channel (15 km), and a sidewater of Burke named Kwatna Inlet (25 km) were factored in, total length of the fjord complexs waterways is 335 km - longer than Sognefjords 203 km and rivalling Greenlands Scoresby Sunds 350 km.</p><br>
<h3>North Bentinck Arm</h3><br>
<p>A side-inlet of Burke Channel, North Bentinck Arm, is noteworthy as the place where the overland expedition by fur trade explorer Alexander Mackenzie reached the sea, on July 20, 1793. Wanting to see the open ocean Mackenzie and four Nuxalk natives went by canoe the next day to Dean Channel. Mackenzie did not reach the open ocean, stopping at the ruins of an old Heiltsuk village on the north side of Dean Channel. There he wrote his name on a rock, which today is part of Sir Alexander Mackenzie Provincial Park. Mackenzie did not know that he arrived just a few weeks after Captain George Vancouver visited Dean Channel and North Bentinck Arm.</p><br>
<p>The town of Bella Coola is at the head of North Bentinck Arm; Bella Coola is an English adaptation of the Heiltsuk name for the Nuxalk (whose name in their own language means the Bella Coola River and its valley). Bella Coola is the only community on the coast between Vancouver and Kitimat, to have road access to the rest of the province, via BC Hwy 20 to Williams Lake via the Chilcotin region.</p><br>
<p>The Cariboo Mountains are the northernmost subrange of the Columbia Mountains, which run down into the Spokane, Washington area of the United States and include the Selkirks, Monashees and Purcells. The Cariboo Mountains are entirely within the province of British Columbia, Canada. The range is 7,700 km²  in area and about 245 km in length  and about 90 km at its widest .</p><br>
<h2>Physical geography</h2><br>
<p>East of the range is the Rocky Mountain Trench, in this region largely the path of the upper Fraser River (including the section known as the Grand Canyon of the Fraser which is not to be confused with the better-known Fraser Canyon nearer Vancouver). To the west the range verges with the Cariboo Plateau through an intermediary "foothill" area known as the Quesnel Highland. Northwestwards the range drops to the Willow River area of the Nechako Plateau, which lies around Prince George. South of the range, northeast of Clearwater a plateau-like mountainous area between the range and the North Thompson River is part of the Shuswap Highland, which crosses the North Thompson and continues into the Shuswap Lake area.</p><br>
<p>N.B. Some classification systems assign the Cariboo Mountains to the Cariboo Plateau, which also includes the small Marble and Clear Ranges but it is so large and so mountainous a range, with peaks that rival the highest in the Selkirks, that it does not warrant the "plateau" designation.</p><br>
<p>The Cariboo Mountains subranges include the Palmer Range and the Mowdish Range.</p><br>
<h3>Watersheds and rivers</h3><br>
<p>Unlike the other three major subranges of the Columbia Mountains, the Cariboo Mountains have almost no contact with the Columbia River or its tributaries, but are entirely bounded by the Fraser and its tributary, the North Thompson River (there is a small exception in the Canoe River, which runs into the Rocky Mountain Trench from the eastern end of the range. The Canoe River is on the north side of Albreda Pass, which is the divide between the North Thompson and the Rocky Mountain Trench.</p><br>
<h3>High peaks</h3><br>
<p>The highest summits in the range are in a group known as the Premier Range whose peaks carry the names of eleven Canadian Prime Ministers, one British Prime Minister, and one Premier of British Columbia. The highest peak is Mount Sir Wilfrid Laurier at. The most recently added name to the group is that of Mount Pierre Elliott Trudeau.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak in the Cariboo Mountains outside the Premiers Range is Quanstrom Mountain, which is the northernmost peak in the range over 3,000 m.</p><br>
<h2>Sub-ranges</h2><br>
<p>Mowdish Range</p><br>
<p>Premier Range</p><br>
<p>Wavy Range</p><br>
<h2>Protected lands and parks</h2><br>
<p>Much of the Cariboo Mountains lie in Wells Gray Provincial Park, created in 1939 and currently the 4th largest in British Columbia. Another section is in Bowron Lake Provincial Park, a popular canoeing circuit east of the preserved gold rush town of Barkerville. Another park in the range is Cariboo Mountains Provincial Park, between Wells Gray and Bowron Lake.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The kanchi Kailasanathar temple is the oldest structure in Kanchipuram. Located in Tamil Nadu, India, it is a Hindu temple in the Dravidian architectural style. It is dedicated to the Lord Shiva, and is known for its historical importance. The temple was built from 685-705AD by a Rajasimha ruler of the Pallava Dynasty. The low-slung sandstone compound contains a large number of carvings, including many half-animal deities which were popular during the early Dravidian architectural period. The structure contains 58 small shrines which are dedicated to various forms of Shiva. These are built into niches on the inner face of the high compound wall of the circumambulatory passage. The temple is one of the most prominent tourist attractions of the city.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The temple is located on the banks of the Vegavathy River at the western limits of the Kanchipuram. It faces east. Its location, demarcated according to the religious faiths, is in one of three "Kanchis", the Shiva Kanchi; the other two Kanchis are, Vishnu Kanchi and Jain Kanchi. It is 75 km from the Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu. Kailasanathar is one of several notable temples in Kanchipuram, the others being Ekambaranatha, Kachapeshwarar, Kamakshi Amman, Kumarakottam Temple, and Varadaraja Perumal.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Kailasanathar Temple (meaning:“Lord of the Cosmic Mountain”), is built in the tradition of Smartha worship of Shiva, Vishnu, Devi, Surya (Sun), Ganesha and Kartikeya, in Hinduism, a practice which replaced the Buddhism.</p><br>
<p>Temple construction is credited to the Pallava dynasty, who had established their kingdom with Kanchipuram (also known as "Kanchi" or "Shiva Vishnu Kanchi") as the capital city, considered one of the seven sacred cities under Hinduism. In Kanchi, after the Pallavas expanded their territories to the north, west and south both within Tamil, Andhra and Kannada territories under Emperor Narasimhavarman I, they started expanding their capital city of Kanchipuram and built many temples of great magnificence. Among the two unique specimens of temple architecture of the period 640-730 AD are the Tiru Parameswara Vinnagaram, which is also known as the Vaikunta Perumal temple and the Kailsahanathar Temple.</p><br>
<p>The temple was built during 685-705AD. It is the first structural temple built in South India by Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha), and who is also known as Rajasimha Pallaveswaram. His son, Mahendravarman III, completed the front façade and the gopuram (tower). Prior temples were either built of wood or hewn into rock faces in caves or on boulders, as seen in Mahabalipuram. The Kailasanathar temple became the trend setter for other similar temples in South India. According to local belief, the temple was a safe sanctuary for the rulers of the kingdom during wars. A secret tunnel, built by the kings, was used as an escape route and is still visible.</p><br>
<p>Currently, Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple is maintained by Archaeological Survey of India.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The temple has retained the Pallava architecture in its original stylized form with influence of the later styles developed by the Chola Dynasty and Vijayanagara Emperors. It is of stone built architecture unlike the rock cut architecture built into hallowed caves or carved into rock outcrops as in Mahabalipuram. The tall gopuram (tower) is to the left and the temple complex is to the right. The temple&#39;s foundations are made of granite, which could withstand the weight of the temple, while the superstructure, including the carvings, are all made of sandstone. Initially, only the main sanctuary existed with pyramidal vimana and a detached mandapa (main hall).</p><br>
<p>The temple complex is complete in all respects as it has garbagriha (sanctum sanctorum), antarala (inner enclosure), mandapa, a high compound wall, and an entrance gate, the gopuram. The mandapa, which was initially detached, was made part of the main shrine by interposing an ardhamantapa (smaller hall). The pillars of the mandapa have the repetitive features of mythical lion mounts.</p><br>
<p>The structure has a simple layout with a tower or vimana at the center of the complex. The vimana of the temple, above the main shrine (sanctum sanctorum), is square in plan and rises up in a pyramidal shape. The tower has many levels rising proportionately.At the top of this tower, there is a small roof in the shape of a dome. The pillar elements with mythical animal shapes (lions on the base) are extra features in Pallava style. At the entrance, the gopuram walls are plastered. Its entrance wall has eight small shrines and a gopura, precursor to the main gopura. At some later stage, the mandapa and the sanctuary were joined by an intermediate hall called the ardhamantapa, which is reported to have marred the beauty of the temple to some extent. The temple is enclosed within walls in a rectangular layout.</p><br>
<p>The main shrine has a 16 sided Shivalinga in black granite stone deified in the sanctum sanctorum. Within the walls of the main shrine there is padabhanda adhisthana (main pedestal) with very elegantly carved images of gods with a sculpted Nandi, a little distance away giving guard to the deity. On each face of the outer walls of the main shrine there are many carvings of deities.</p><br>
<p>In the south facing wall the sculpture depicts Shiva as Umamaheshavara (Shiva with his consort Parvati) with Lingodbhava (emergence of Shiva as fiery pillar - linga) surrounded by Brahma and Vishnu and flying amaras on the lower level.</p><br>
<p>The west facing hall has sculptures of Shiva in the form of Sandhya Tandavamurti and Urdhava Tandvamurti and the ensemble is completed with images of ganas in dancing poses and also with images of Brahma, Vishnu, Nandi and Parvati.</p><br>
<p>The carving of Shiva on the north facing wall is a composition of Tripurantaka flanked by three ganas, goddess Durga with three ganas, and goddesses Bhairavi, Kaushiki and Jyestha.</p><br>
<p>The exterior faces of the vimana (tower) have images of aspects of Shiva - Bhikshatana, Somaskanda and in Samhara-Tandava (destructive dancing) pose.</p><br>
<p>In the inner walls of the prakara (circumambulatory passage) there is galaxy of images of Durga, Kartikeya, Bhavati, Tripurantaka, Garudarudha-Vishnu, Asura Samhara (slaying of demons), Narasimha (Vishnus avatar), Trivikrama (another Vishnus avatar), Shiva Tandava (Shiva in a dancing pose), Shiva severing the fifth head of Brahma, desecration of Yagna of Daksha, Brahma and his wife, Gangadhara, Urdhava tandava, Vishnu flanked by Bhudevi and Sridevi, Lingodbhava, Bhikshatana, Ravana, and Vali offering prayers to Atmalinga Chandikeshvara. The image of Ardhanariswara sitting on a bull is considered the most noteworthy among all images.</p><br>
<p>Vimana&#39;s south facing wall has very elegant image of Shiva in a sitting posture of peace and quietude known as Dakshinamurthy, and its west wall has Shiva in the form of Lingodbhava.</p><br>
<p>The tower has multiple shrines embodied on all its external faces which have the appearance of miniature shrines. These shrines have three features, the sala (rectangular), kuta (square) and panjara (apsidal) styles. Eight small shrines also decorate the entrance wall. The 58 small shrines are built into the niches of the compound wall that encloses the main shrine; they depict Somaskanada reliefs of Shiva and his consort Parvathi in many dance forms.</p><br>
<h3>Other features</h3><br>
<p>The outstanding feature of sculptures is the profusion of depiction of the erect lions projecting out in several directions.There are two sculptures of Shiva here which are seen holding the Veena (musical string instrument) in the hand. There is a lot of difference between the Veena found in the said sculptures and the present day Veena. There are also beautiful sculptures of Mathahvialasa Prakshanam. The temple also has the earliest stone inscription records of the twenty eight Saivagamas (Shaiva saints) in which the Pallava King Rajasimhavarman states his faith in Shaivism. The murals on the inner walls are well preserved.</p><br>
<h2>Circumambulatory passage</h2><br>
<p>A circumambulatory passage, with a symbolic meaning is situated along the compound wall. In order to make the circumambulation, there is a narrow entry passage which devotees must crawl through. Seven steps must be climbed in order to reach the passage. Passing through the narrow passage is indicative of passage through life. After the circumambulation, the exit is through a pit or another narrow passage symbolic of death. The entry point for this passsage is called Gate of Death (Tamil: இறப்பு வாசல்). It is believed that making the circumambulation round the various deities would usher the same blessings as visiting paradise.During completion of circumambulation - Crawling and coming out of the passage also indicates that your coming out of mothers womb and also explains Hindus belief of rebirth. Hence, exit is called Gate of Birth (Tamil: பிறப்பு வாசல்). There is another belief that by completing this circumambulatory passage the possibility of rebirth is not there and you shall attain Moksha. Such passage is UNIQUE, explaining the life cycle including aging process, death and rebirth.</p><br>
<h2>Festival</h2><br>
<p>Maha Shivaratri is the biggest festival held in the temple when thousand of devotees throng the temple in the evening hours to offer prayers to the main deity.</p><br>
<p>The Bogong High Plains, part of the Victorian Alps of the Great Dividing Range, are a section of plains located in the Alpine National Park in the Australian state of Victoria and are situated south of Mount Bogong.</p><br>
<p>In winter this area is one of the largest snow-covered areas in Australia and can be easily accessed from the Hotham Alpine Resort and Falls Creek ski resort. The area is very popular for both summer and winter time activities. Ski touring and all types of cross-country skiing are possible through most winter months. A trail called Australian Alps Walking Track is popular for hiking in summer and cross-country skiing in winter. Mountain biking and bushwalking are common in summer. Local towns and villages provide the best possibility for exploring the areas, including Mount Beauty and Harrietville.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The traditional custodians of the land surrounding the Bogong High Plains are the indigenous Australian Bidhawal, Dhudhuroa, GunaiKurnai and NindiNgudjam Ngarigu Monero peoples.</p><br>
<p>Europeans first explored and settled in the area as graziers sought pastoral land mainly for cattle. The biggest early development for the area was the Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme which began construction in the 1940s. Two dams were constructed, Pretty Valley Pondage and Rocky Valley Dam, and a series of aqueducts built to capture streams and bring their flows across into the catchments of the Kiewa Scheme. McKay Creek and West Kiewa Power Stations supply most of the electricity generated. Since completion of the Scheme, the area has become much more based around tourism, particularly skiing.</p><br>
<h3>Scientific research</h3><br>
<p>The Bogong High Plains continues to have an important place in scientific research. In summer, large numbers of scientists conduct research in the area, including studies of hydrology, vegetation change, fire response, weed invasions, occurrence of native animals (mountain pygmy possum, alpine skink) and introduced species (such as hares). The area is also home to a component of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), which investigates aspects of global climate change. It is trying to predict the future impacts of temperature increases.</p><br>
<h3>Bushfires</h3><br>
<p>This area is prone to bushfires because of the large amount of native forest. The 2003 Eastern Victorian alpine bushfires devastated much of the areas of forest. Many well-known huts were destroyed. More recently the area was again threatened during the 2006-07 Australian bushfire season but due to good luck regarding the weather, damage appears to be minimal in comparison.</p><br>
<h2>Huts</h2><br>
<p>Alpine huts in the area provide accommodation for people out in the winter ski touring and those interested in hiking or other activities in the summertime. There are tens of huts in this area, each different and equipped for different purposes. They were first built by European pastoralists moving in from NSW in the 1830s. They are no longer used by pastoralists. Many are run by ski clubs but some are not regularly used or maintained at all.</p><br>
<p>This is the oldest on the high plains. Originally built in 1889 like most of the huts has been extended since. It has no modern facilities and so is not used for accommodation. It measures 4.5 m by 3.7 m.</p><br>
<p>This was the first lodge developed in the area, before the creation of the ski resorts in Australia. It was started in 1938 by Rover Scouts from Victoria. It has the best facilities of any hut or lodge outside of a resort in Australia, with full comforts and amenities for 35 people. It has been expanded and refurbished since it was built. It uses solar power, gas, wood heating and runs its own electricity generators. It has a full kitchen, showers and runs 13 winter weeks for Rovers and Venturer Scouts.</p><br>
<p>This hut was built by the Ski Club of Victoria in 1929.</p><br>
<p>This was one of the older huts. It was accidentally burnt down by a school group in 1991 and rebuilt in 1993.</p><br>
<p>This was burnt down in the bushfire of 2003 and rebuilt in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Affectionately known as Wilky, this hut was built by the State Electricity Commission as a hydrological survey hut prior to the construction of the Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme. The hut was later sold to a ski club but this sale never included title to the land on which it sat. The hut was purchased in 1962 by members of the Melbourne Bushwalkers who then donated it to the club. The hut was renovated and maintained by the Melbourne Bushwalkers and used throughout the winter as a base for cross-country skiing. It was well-used throughout the year for research and outdoor activities by members and by many other groups. It survived the 2003 bushfires but burnt down one year later (January 2004) in a cooking accident, while being used by non-members. The woodshed still remains. The National Parks and Wildlife Service which administers the land has refused permission to rebuild.</p><br>
<p>This hut burnt down in the bushfires of 2006.</p><br>
<p>This hut on Mount Bogong was built in 1938 as a memorial to Cleve Cole who died on a ski trip on Mount Bogong. Technically, Mount Bogong is not part of the Bogong High Plains.</p><br>
<p>Also on Mount Bogong are Michell Hut, on Eskdale Spur, which was rebuilt after the 2003 fires and Bivouac Hut on the Staircase Spur. Other huts in the area include Tawonga Huts, Youngs Hut, Ryders Huts, Cope Saddle Hut, Pretty Valley Hut, Edmondson Hut, Johnstons Hut, Buckety Plains Hut, Faithfuls Hut, and Langford Gap Hut.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<h3>Vegetation</h3><br>
<p>The Bogong High Plains contain a mixture of various types of vegetation. About 50% of the High Plains are heathlands, which cover some of the steeper and more wind protected areas in the high plains. The soils are typically shallow and rocky. Approximately 25% of the High Plains are grasslands, which occur in more exposed areas, on gentle slopes are typically more resistant to wind and frosts. Some of the best soils occur in wetlands, which cover about 10% of the high plains. These areas are defined as places where there is stationary water for at least one month per year. The presence of water typically leads to highly organic soils, from the decay of vegetable matter, and very little mineral matter. Snow patch herb fields occur in places where snow remains for a large portion of the summer and are very rare.</p><br>
<h2>Range peaks</h2><br>
<p>Mount Bogong, the highest mountain in Victoria, is just north of the High Plains. Technically it is not part of the high plains because it is separated from them by the Big River. There are several huts are on the mountain, the earliest of which was built following the death of a skier in 1936. Mount Feathertop is a much more foreboding summit in the west of the Bogong High Plains. It is a popular bushwalking destination due to its proximity to Mount Hotham but can also be approached from Harrietville.</p><br>
<h2>Bogong High Plains Road</h2><br>
<p>The Bogong High Plains Road runs from Mt Beauty, up to the ski resort of Falls Creek, up to an elevation of around 1720m, before steeply descending through Trapyard Gap at gradients frequently exceeding 9%. The road was fully sealed in 2009, immediately gaining the interest of road cyclists as it allows a complete circuit through Omeo, Mt Hotham, Harrietville and back to Mt Beauty. It is now used in the Peaks Challenge Falls Creek and Audax Alpine Classic ACE annual cycling events.</p><br>
<p>Longue Vue House and Gardens, also known as Longue Vue, is a historic house museum and associated gardens at 7 Bamboo Road in the Lakewood neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.</p><br>
<p>The former home of Edgar and Edith Stern (daughter of Julius Rosenwald), the current house is in fact the second. The original house and gardens began in 1924. In 1934, landscape architect Ellen Biddle Shipman began to work with the Sterns on the designs of their gardens. Through the re-working of the gardens the Sterns decided that their house did not allow them to fully enjoy their new grounds, and the original house was subsequently moved and a new one erected in its place starting in 1939. This new house was designed by architects William and Geoffrey Platt whose father, Charles A. Platt, was Shipman’s mentor. The four facades of the house have four different appearances and out each of the four sides there is a different garden. It has 20 rooms on three stories, with original furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The gardens include Asclepias tuberosa, azaleas, caladium, Callicarpa americana, camellia, Canna, Chionanthus retusus, chrysanthemum, crape myrtle, cyclamen, Delphinium, Ficus carica, Gossypium, hydrangea, Koelreuteria bipinnata, Louisiana irises, Lycoris aurea, Narcissus, Passiflora incarnata, Phytolacca americana, Euphorbia pulcherrima, roses, Stigmaphyllon ciliatum, tulips, vitex, and Zingiber zerumbet.</p><br>
<p>Longue Vue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991,</p><br>
<p>Following damage by Hurricane Katrina, volunteer and staff labor later enabled the house to reopen for tours.</p><br>
<p>Nidderdale is one of the Yorkshire Dales  in North Yorkshire, England. It is the upper valley of the River Nidd, which flows south underground and then along the dale, forming several reservoirs including the Gouthwaite Reservoir, before turning east and eventually joining the River Ouse.</p><br>
<p>The only town in the dale is Pateley Bridge. Other settlements include Wath, Ramsgill, Lofthouse, and Middlesmoor above Pateley Bridge, and Bewerley, Glasshouses, Summerbridge, Dacre, Darley, Birstwith, Hampsthwaite and Kettlesing below Pateley.</p><br>
<h2>Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty</h2><br>
<p>Nidderdale was designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1994. The AONB covers a much wider area than Nidderdale. In addition to Nidderdale itself (above Hampsthwaite), the AONB includes part of lower Wharfedale, the Washburn valley and part of lower Wensleydale, including Jervaulx Abbey and the side valleys west of the River Ure. The highest point in the Nidderdale AONB is Great Whernside, 704 metres above sea level, on the border with the Yorkshire Dales National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Local government</h2><br>
<p>Nidderdale was historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and in the Lower Division of Claro Wapentake. In the 19th century local government reforms most of the dale fell within the Pateley Bridge Poor Law Union, later the Pateley Bridge Rural Sanitary District and from 1894 Pateley Bridge Rural District. In 1937 the rural district was merged to become part of Ripon and Pateley Bridge Rural District. Hampsthwaite and Felliscliffe in the lower dale fell within Knaresborough Poor Law Union, later Knaresborough Rural Sanitary District and from 1894 Knaresborough Rural District, which merged in 1938 to become part of Nidderdale Rural District.</p><br>
<p>Since 1974 the whole dale has fallen within the Borough of Harrogate in North Yorkshire.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>A Nidderdale Omnibus started operating on 1 August 1849 and ran between Pateley Bridge and Ripley Station. In 1862 the North Eastern Railway opened the Nidd Valley Railway from Nidd Valley Junction near Harrogate to Pateley Bridge. Between 1907 and 1937 the Nidd Valley Light Railway served the dale above Pateley Bridge. The Pateley Bridge branch closed in 1964.</p><br>
<p>Nidderdale is now served by the buses of Harrogate Bus Company.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Janet Street-Porter</p><br>
<p>The Independent -, 6 November 2005</p><br>
<p>The Nidderdale AONB is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in North Yorkshire, England, bordering the Yorkshire Dales National Park to the east and south. It comprises most of Nidderdale itself, part of lower Wharfedale, the Washburn valley and part of lower Wensleydale, including Jervaulx Abbey and the side valleys west of the River Ure. It covers a total area of 233 square miles. The highest point in the Nidderdale AONB is Great Whernside, 704 metres above sea level, on the border with the Yorkshire Dales National Park.</p><br>
<p>The only town in the AONB is Pateley Bridge in Nidderdale. Otley and Ilkley lie just to the south of the AONB, and Masham and Ripon are just to the east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1947, when the Hobhouse Report recommended the creation of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, it proposed that Nidderdale should be excluded and given a different conservation status. Accordingly, Nidderdale was not included in the National Park when it was designated in 1954. In 1963 the then West Riding County Council proposed that Nidderdale should be added to the National Park, but the proposal met with opposition from the district councils which would have lost some of their powers to the county council. The West Riding National Park Committee, and its successor the Yorkshire Dales National Park Committee, did not entirely abandon the idea until 1988, when the alternative AONB designation was proposed.</p><br>
<p>The eastern boundary of the National Park had been set at East Witton, as recommended by the Hobhouse Report. The section of Wensleydale below East Witton had not been considered for national park status, but was added to the new AONB. Similarly, the new AONB also included the Washburn Valley and the area of lower Wharfedale between the Washburn Valley and the National Park, which had not been considered for national park status. The AONB was designated in 1994 with its current boundaries.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Nidderdale</h3><br>
<p>The AONB includes all of Nidderdale except a small area in the lower dale around Hampsthwaite. In the lower dale, below Pateley Bridge, attractions include Brimham Rocks and the Coldstones Cut. In the less populated upper dale there are a series of reservoirs, Gouthwaite Reservoir (a nature reserve), Scar House Reservoir and at the very top of the dale Angram Reservoir, dominated by Great Whernside and Little Whernside.</p><br>
<h3>Lower Wharfedale and the Washburn Valley</h3><br>
<p>The southern part of the AONB includes the reservoirs of the Washburn Valley, Lindley Wood, Swinsty, Fewston and Thruscross.</p><br>
<h3>Lower Wensleydale and side valleys</h3><br>
<p>The eastern part of the AONB includes Colsterdale and the valleys of the River Laver and the River Skell. Fountains Abbey and Jervaulx Abbey both lie within the AONB, and Hackfall Wood is on the south bank of the River Ure.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Walking is a popular activity. Two long-distance trails traverse the AONB, the Six Dales Trail from south to north, and the Nidderdale Way from south east to north west. Upper Nidderdale is a popular area for mountain biking, and caving takes place in the Upper Nidderdale caves. The grouse moors on the higher land offer some of the best shooting in the United Kingdom.</p><br>
<h2>Governance</h2><br>
<p>Like most AONBs, and unlike national parks, the Nidderdale AONB is managed by local authorities. The entire AONB is within North Yorkshire, and almost all of it is within the area of Harrogate Borough Council. Harrogate Borough Council is lead authority for the Nidderdale AONB. Small areas of land to the north are within Richmondshire and Hambleton districts.</p><br>
<p>AONB policy and programmes are set by the Nidderdale AONB Joint Advisory Committee, consisting of county, district and parish councillors, and representatives of community interest groups. A small team based at Pateley Bridge reports to the JAC.</p><br>
<p>Khutzeymateen Inlet  is one of the lesser principal inlets of the British Columbia Coast. It is important in being part of the first area in Canada protected to preserve grizzly bears and their habitat via the Khutzeymateen Grizzly Bear Sanctuary. The inlet and the park-sanctuary surrounding it are between the mouths of the Skeena and Nass Rivers; the Khutzeymateen is the next inlet north from Work Inlet, which is the north side of the Tsimpsean Peninsula of "Greater Prince Rupert". The inlet&#39;s mouth opens onto a sidewater of Portland Inlet, Steamer Passage, which lies next to Sommerville Island. The entrance to Khutzeymateen Inlet is between Keemein Point and Welgeegenk Point. The closest community is Port Simpson.</p><br>
<p>The inlet is fed by the Khutzeymateen River. Over 50 grizzlies frequent the river and the inlet&#39;s shores, and the inlet&#39;s other wildlife includes wolves, moose, shorebirds, waterfowl, orca (killer whale), humpback whales and more.</p><br>
<p>It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone and Robert Barrie, two of George Vancouver’s officers during his 1791-95 expedition.</p><br>
<p>Crummock Water is a lake in the Lake District in Cumbria, North West England situated between Buttermere to the south and Loweswater to the north. Crummock Water is 2.5 miles long, 0.75 mile wide and 140 feet deep. The River Cocker is considered to start at the north of the lake, before then flowing into Lorton Vale. The hill of Mellbreak runs the full length of the lake on its western side; as Alfred Wainwright described it no pairing of hill and lake in Lakeland have a closer partnership than these.</p><br>
<p>"The meaning of Crummock seems to be Crooked one, from British" (Brythonic Celtic) "crumbaco-crooked".</p><br>
<p>The lake is owned by the National Trust. Scale Force, the highest waterfall in the Lake District, feeds the lake and has a drop of 170 feet.</p><br>
<p>Water from the lake is treated at Cornhow water treatment works, near Loweswater, and is distributed to the towns of Silloth-on-Solway, Maryport, Workington, Whitehaven, and many smaller towns, villages, and hamlets in the surrounding area for drinking and all other uses.</p><br>
<p>Russian Fort Elizabeth is a National Historic Landmark and is administered as the Russian Fort Elizabeth State Historical Park just southeast of present-day Waimea on the island of Kauai in Hawaii. It is located at the site of the former Fort Elizabety , the last remaining Russian fort on the Hawaiian islands, built in the early 19th century by the Russian-American Company as the result of an alliance with High Chief Kaumualii. The star fort was employed by the Kingdom of Hawaii in the 19th century under the name Fort Hipo .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1815, German physician Georg Anton Schäffer, an agent of the Russian-American Company, arrived in Hawaii to retrieve goods seized by Kaumualii, chief of Kauai island. According to the Company instructions, Schäffer had to begin by establishing friendly relations with king Kamehameha I who had created a kingdom incorporating all the islands of Hawaii and faced opposition from rebellious Kaumualii. Then, with or without Kamehamehas support, Schäffer had to recover the cost of lost merchandise from Kaumualii.</p><br>
<p>Schäffers medical expertise gained Kamehamehas respect but he denied the Russians any assistance against Kaumualii. Schäffer was followed by two company ships, the Otkrytie and the Ilmena. He then sailed to Kauai on his own. To his surprise, Kaumualii eagerly signed a "treaty" granting Russian Tsar Alexander I of Russia a protectorate over Kauai. Kaumualii convinced Schäffer that the Russians could just as easily capture the whole archipelago. Schäffer promised that Tsar Alexander would help him to break free of Kamehamehas rule. Officially, Kaumualii had pledged allegiance to Kamehameha in 1810. Kaumualii probably never intended to give up power over the island; he thought he might reclaim his own kingdom with the help of Russia. Kaumualii allowed Schäffer to build a fort near Waimea, named Fort or Fortress Elizabeth (Елизаветинская крепость, Elizavetinskaya Krepost’) in honor of the Empress of Russia at the time, Louise of Baden. Two others Fortress Alexander (крепость Александра, Krepost’ Aleksandra) and Fort Barclay-de-Tolly (форт Барклая-де-Толли, Fort Barklaya-de-Tolli) were named for the reigning emperor Alexander and his marshal Barclay-de-Tolly and constructed near Hanalei on Kauai.</p><br>
<p>Fort Elizabeth was constructed in 1817 on the east bank of the Waimea River overlooking Waimea Bay. This fort was built in the shape of an irregular octagon, about 300 ft to 450 ft across, with walls 20 ft high. It housed a small Russian Orthodox chapel, Hawaii&#39;s first Orthodox Christian church. Fort Alexander built on Hanalei Bay also housed a small Orthodox chapel. When it was discovered that Schäffer did not have the backing of the Tsar, he was forced to leave Kauai in the fall of 1817. Captain Alexander Adams replaced the Russian flag with the new Kingdom of Hawaii flag some time before October 1817. Russian Fort Elizabeth eventually came under the control of Kamehameha supporters.</p><br>
<p>In 1820, the guns fired in salute as Kaumualii&#39;s son, Prince George "Prince" Kaumualii (also known as Humehume) arrived on the ship Thaddeus, after guiding American missionaries back to his home. Humehume tried to stage a rebellion in 1824 by attacking the fort. It was used as a base to capture him and keep the kingdom unified. It was abandoned in 1853.</p><br>
<h2>Dismantling</h2><br>
<p>The Kingdom of Hawaii tasked Kauai pioneer Valdemar Knudsen with the removal of armaments from the fort. Similar work was being done in that era across the kingdom with other forts being dismantled at Kailua-Kona, Lāhainā and along the waterfront at the old port of Honolulu. In a letter sent to Honolulu, Knudsen listed an inventory of the guns at the fort following a survey made in 1862. They included 60 flintlock muskets, 16 swords, 12 18-pound cannon, 26 4- and 6-pound cannon, 6 heavy guns and 24 little guns. During the decommissioning of the fort in 1864, while Knudsen was loading armaments and munitions for sale as scrap metal onto a schooner in Waimea Bay, one or two cannons fell into the murky waters of Waimea Bay.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The fort is located at coordinates 21&deg;57&prime;6&Prime;N latitude, 159&deg;39&prime;51&Prime;W longitude, on the southeastern shore of the mouth of the Waimea River in Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii. A small parking lot is south of the Hawaii Route 50 bridge, known as Kaumualii Highway in honor of the last king. Facilities at the park include an interpretive walking path, and restrooms. A brochure with details of the site is available for a self-guided interpretive tour. Visitors to this site can enjoy exploring the remains of the fort, viewing scenery, photography and historical interpretation.</p><br>
<p>Manoel Island  is a small island which forms part of the municipality of Gżira in Marsamxett Harbour, Malta. It is named after the Portuguese Grand Master António Manoel de Vilhena, who built a fort on the island in the 1720s. Previously, the island had been known as lIsolotto or lIsola del Vescovo .</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Manoel Island is a flat island shaped roughly like a leaf. It is located in the middle of Marsamxett Harbour, with Lazzaretto Creek to its south and Sliema Creek to its north. The island is connected to mainland Malta by a bridge. The whole island can be viewed from the bastions of the capital Valletta.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1570, the island was acquired by the Cathedral Chapter of Mdina and it became the property of the Bishop of Malta. It was therefore called lIsola del Vescovo or il-Gżira tal-Isqof in Maltese (the Bishops Island).</p><br>
<p>In 1592, a quarantine hospital known as Lazzaretto was built after an outbreak of the plague. The hospital was made of wooden huts, and it was pulled down a year later after the disease had subsided. In 1643, during the reign of Grandmaster Lascaris, the Order of Saint John exchanged the island with the church for some land in Rabat and built a permanent Lazzaretto in an attempt to control the periodic influx of plague and cholera on board visiting ships. It was initially used as a quarantine centre where passengers from quarantined ships were taken. The hospital was subsequently improved during the reigns of Grandmasters Cotoner, Carafa and de Vilhena.</p><br>
<p>Between 1723 and 1733, a new star fort was built on the island by the Portuguese Grand Master António Manoel de Vilhena. The fort was called Fort Manoel after the Grand Master, and the island was renamed at this point. The fort is considered a typical example of 18th century military engineering, and its original plans are attributed to René Jacob de Tigné, and are said to have been modified by his friend and colleague Charles François de Mondion, who is buried in a crypt beneath Fort Manoel. The Fort has a magnificent quadrangle, parade ground and arcade, and once housed a baroque chapel dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua, under the direct command of the Order.</p><br>
<p>In the British period, the Lazzaretto continued to be used and was enlarged during the governorship of Sir Henry Bouverie in 1837 and 1838. It was briefly used to house troops but was converted back into a hospital in 1871. During the course of the 19th century, some incoming mail was fumigated and disinfected at the Profumo Office of the hospital to prevent the spread of diseases.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, when Malta was under siege, Manoel Island and its fort were used as a naval base by the Royal Navy&#39;s 10th Submarine Flotilla, at which time it was referred to as "HMS Talbot" or "HMS Phœnicia". The Chapel of St. Anthony was destroyed following a direct hit by Luftwaffe bombers in March 1942. The island and the fort remained derelict for many years and Fort Manoel and the Lazzaretto were both vandalized.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<h3>Yacht Marina and Yacht Yard</h3><br>
<p>Manoel Island currently houses a yacht yard and yacht marina. The yacht marina has been under new management since 2011, and it accommodates vessels up to 80 metres in length. It has a total of 350 berths.</p><br>
<p>The yacht yard can accommodate yachts and catamarans of up to 50 metres in length and a displacement of 500 tons. The yard offers boat storage, berthing afloat, repairs and complete refits.</p><br>
<h3>Duck Village</h3><br>
<p>For several years, Manoel Island has housed a quaint, informal sanctuary for ducks and other waterfowl near the bridge connecting the island with the main island. It was created and is maintained by a local volunteer, and funded entirely by private donations.</p><br>
<p>Howick Falls is a waterfall in Howick, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The waterfall is approximately 95 m in height  and lies on the Umgeni River. The Zulu people called the falls KwaNogqaza, which means "Place of the Tall One".</p><br>
<h2>Identified geographical feature</h2><br>
<p>The falls were most likely first seen by European explorers in the early 19th century. However the KwaZulu-Natal province has known human occupation for well over 30,000 years and it is likely that it was a well known site prior to any western influence, given the rich legend surrounding the area.</p><br>
<h2>Human interaction</h2><br>
<p>Many people have been swept over the falls, especially in the pioneer days of the province, as some settlers thought the easiest place to cross the river was just above the falls. There have been a recorded 40 deaths surrounding Howick falls with the first recorded death occurring in 1851. Most of these have been recorded as suicides but accidents and murder have also been known to happen, contributing to if not maintaining the local legendary status of the falls. In 1999, Jeb Corliss had a near-fatal BASE jump into the waterfalls where his chute opening went asymmetric and he could not avoid flying into the downpouring water.</p><br>
<h2>Myth & folk-lore</h2><br>
<p>According to local legend, the pool at the bottom of the falls is the residence of the Inkanyamba, a giant serpent-like creature. According to lore only sangomas can safely approach the falls and then only to offer prayers and other acts of worship to the inkanyamba, ancestral spirits and the Great God.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Despite, or perhaps because of its chequered history, kwaNogqaza has become a principal tourist attraction for the KwaZulu-Natal midlands.</p><br>
<p>The East Holland River is a river in Ontario, Canada that is part of the Holland River watershed that empties into Cook&#39;s Bay in Lake Simcoe. The headwaters of the East Holland River rise in the Oak Ridges Moraine. The river runs generally north from the town of Newmarket, and through Holland Landing where it joins up with the West Holland River.</p><br>
<p>A map of the Holland River watershed published by the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority shows tributaries to the East Holland River include Sharon Creek, Bogart Creek, Tannery Creek (from Aurora, Ontario), Western Creek (from the west side of Newmarket), and Weslie Creek.</p><br>
<p>A dam on the East Holland River in Newmarket maintains a man-made lake called Fairy Lake, originally a millpond, but now used for recreation. There has been a dam at this site since 1801. The current dam was damaged, albeit not severely, by Hurricane Hazel in 1954.</p><br>
<p>Musselman Lake in Whitchurch-Stouffville feeds a creek that runs along Vandorf Sideroad and into Weslie Creek.</p><br>
<p>Despite concerns of a lack of water, construction of several locks was started along the river between Newmarket and Holland Landing as part of a Holland River Canal that would have joined Newmarket to the Trent-Severn Waterway. There is one lock in each of those places along with another at Rogers Reservoir in East Gwillimbury. Rogers Reservoir and Fairy Lake in Newmarket were to act as reservoirs for the canal waters. There were two swing bridges built in East Gwillimbury; one on Green Lane and the other on Main Street North (Concession 2). Both have been replaced by permanent structures. On Green Lane the road now runs slightly to the south and a pedestrian bridge crosses the old structure. There is also a quayside at Davis Drive in Newmarket. The canal works were abandoned early in the 20th century without ever being completed. The upper limit of navigation on the East Holland River remains at River Drive Park, about 2 km downstream from Holland Landing.</p><br>
<p>Taboche  is a mountain in the Khumbu region of the Nepalese Himalaya. Taboche is connected to Cholatse by a long ridge. Taboche lies directly across the Imja River from Ama Dablam and above the villages of Pheriche and Dingboche.</p><br>
<p>The first ascent was made in 1974 by a French expedition led by Yannick Seigneur and the clarinettist and composer Jean-Christian Michel. The summit team included Louis Dubost, Paul Gendre and Jacques Brugirard.</p><br>
<h2>Other notable ascents</h2><br>
<p>1989 The direct north-east face of Taboche (Tawoche) was climbed in winter by Jeff Lowe and John Roskelley alpine-style during a ten-day push in February, 1989. They reached the summit on February 13. The route follows the deep vertical cleft up the center of the face. The climb is documented in Last Days, a book by John Roskelley (1991).</p><br>
<p>2009 Direct North Face (VI AI5 R, 1500m). First ascent by Giri-Giri Boys Fumitaka Ichimura and Genki Narumi (Japan). Summit attained November 28.</p><br>
<p>Regatta Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 543 Coronation Drive on the corner of Sylvan Road, Toowong, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It faces the Toowong Reach of the Brisbane River and was named after the rowing regattas held there. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built in 1886 by George Gazzard. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first hotel was established on the site in 1874, as a single-storey wooden building.</p><br>
<p>In 1886, the current and second Regatta Hotel, three-storeyed brick building, was erected for Brisbane publican William Winterford. The first building was removed to make way for the new premises. The new Regatta was designed by Brisbane architect Richard Gailey, who called tenders in February 1886. It was constructed by contractor George Gazzard, at a cost of &pound;4,800.</p><br>
<p>The Regatta was one of a number of large, masonry, first-class hotels designed by Gailey in the 1880s. Amongst these were the Wickham Hotel (1885), Prince Consort Hotel (1887), Jubilee Hotel (1888) and Empire Hotel (1889). They were designed not just for local patronage, but to attract travellers and visitors. Each replaced an earlier and much humbler hotel on the site, and in their ornate exteriors, they reflected the optimism and bravado of the booming Queensland economy of the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>Winterford opened his new hotel in 1887, anticipating a clientele who would be enticed by the river views, the proximity to town and to the Toowong railway station, the weekend regattas on the doorstep, entertainments such as billiards and boating, a well-stocked wine cellar, large well-ventilated bedrooms, family suites, the luxury of hot and cold baths, and good stabling accommodation. However, neither the hotel&#39;s comforts nor the Toowong scenery succeeded in attracting the desired patronage.</p><br>
<p>It was first flooded in 1887, then again in 1893. Lack of wider custom, the financial depression of the early 1890s, and the floods of 1893, nearly ruined Winterford. In 1897, he forfeited the Regatta to his mortgagees.</p><br>
<p>Ultimately, the Regatta survived and flourished through a number of owners and lessees.</p><br>
<p>A famous womens liberation protest took place in the public bar in 1965, when two women, Merle Thornton (mother of Australian actress Sigrid Thornton) and Rosalie Bognor, chained themselves to the public bar footrail in protest at Queenslands restriction of public bars to men only. The protest was not successful despite other similar protests; it was years before the laws changed. In 2014 the hotel celebrated the protest with the naming of Merles Bar. In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, "All chained up for womens rights" was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "Defining Moment".</p><br>
<p>The hotel was refurbished in 1981 and then progressively renovated between 2001 and 2004. It was converted into several modern bars and nightclubs.</p><br>
<p>In the late 20th century, the Regatta attracted University of Queensland staff and students to its bars.</p><br>
<p>The Regatta Hotel was damaged during the 2010–2011 Queensland floods. $10 million was spent on renovations before an official reopening in September 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Regatta Hotel, located on a prominent site adjacent to the Toowong Reach of the Brisbane River, is a brick building with hipped corrugated-iron roofs. Composed of three storeys and a basement, it is encircled by wide verandahs, except for a section on the southern side.</p><br>
<p>The verandahs to the rendered street facades display a lavish use of cast-iron balustrading, paired cast-iron Corinthian columns and cast-iron and timber friezes. These facades, which curve around the street corner, are surmounted by a solid masonry parapet ornamented by masonry finials.</p><br>
<p>The more modest verandahs on the southern and western sides, now somewhat altered, have paired chamfered posts and brackets, and a continuation of the patterned timber frieze. A painted brick elevator shaft has been added to the southern elevation and a fire escape stair to the western elevation.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor, consisting of three bars, service areas and an entry foyer, has been refurbished. Original openings to the verandah have been replaced by sliding glass windows and doors. Sections of the verandah have been enclosed in brick to house toilet facilities. The entry foyer retains the original entry doors and arched openings. The unusual timber staircase located at the rear of the entry foyer runs in a single flight between floors, curving at the lower end of the flight.</p><br>
<p>Rooms on the first floor include a bar, a guest dining room, offices, kitchen, toilets and a guest suite. The bar, formerly a dining room, features a marble fireplace and a pair of curved french doors opening onto the northeast corner of the verandah. The manager&#39;s residence and guest accommodation occupy the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The interiors of the first and second floors retain original finishes including pressed metal ceilings and plastered masonry walls ornamented by arches and mouldings. Panelled timber doors with fanlights open off the central hallway. French doors with fanlights lead from the bedrooms and principal public areas to the verandahs.</p><br>
<p>Parts of the first floor northern and western verandahs have been enclosed with glass walls. The Regatta Hotel retains a substantially intact exterior and a visual prominence along the Toowong Reach of the Brisbane River.</p><br>
<p>The Heritage Bar on the ground floor features leather lounges and a large fireplace.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listings</h2><br>
<p>The Regatta Hotel is classified by the National Trust of Queensland and was entered into the Register of the National Estate.</p><br>
<p>Regatta Hotel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Regatta Hotel is important in demonstrating the evolution of Queensland&#39;s history, being evidence of the optimism and exuberance of the 1880s economic boom and evidence of the former use of this part of the Brisbane River for sporting and recreational activities</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>It is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a large, ornate 1880s hotel which remains substantially intact.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It exhibits aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, being a prominent landmark contributing to the riverscape along the Toowong Reach of the Brisbane River.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Regatta Hotel has a special association with the work of architect Richard Gailey, being one of a group of large 1880s hotels designed by him, which contribute to the architectural character of Brisbane through their imposing presence, extensive use of cast-iron and classical detailing.</p><br>
<p>The Moonbi Range, a mountain range that is part of the Great Dividing Range, is located in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<p>The range is located roughly 20 km north east of the city of Tamworth situated at the bottom of the Wentworth Mounds, which is part of the Moonbi Range. These mounds form a spur of the Great Dividing Range where the North West Slopes meet to the Northern Tablelands. The Moonbi Range rises from 500 - above sea level and it generally forms the divide between the watersheds of the Cockburn River to the south, and the Macdonald River to the north, which are both themselves tributaries of the Namoi River.</p><br>
<p>The higher parts of the area often receive a snowfall in the winter, and the highest peak in the range is called Black Jack Mountain at 1,300 m.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Aboriginal history</h3><br>
<p>The original inhabitants of the Ranges were Aborigines of the Kamilaroi clan.</p><br>
<h3>European history</h3><br>
<p>To the road traveller on the New England Highway, the Moonbi Range is notable as it is a major uphill climb on the highway as the motorist ascends from Moonbi at the foot of the 1st Moonbi Hill to the Northern Tablelands and the village of Bendemeer.</p><br>
<p>In 1832 Edward Gostwyck Cory blazed a track over the range that the existing highway has generally followed. A granite boulder named Cory’s Pillar (sometimes Cory’s Pillow or Cory’s Nightcap) commemorates where Cory is believed to have rested during his travels.</p><br>
<p>In his poem Over the Range, Andrew "Banjo" Paterson wrote of the obstacle that the Moonbi Range created for travelers to the Northern Tablelands. When Banjo Paterson was born in 1864, the Great North Road was still in poor condition making travel to the New England district for wagon teams very difficult. The mountain range was also immortalised in the annals of Australian country and western music by Buddy Williams. His song, The Mighty Moonbi Range, fitted into the truckdriving genre and included spellbinding verses such as, "Big Jim was a timber man with muscles made of steel. An iron nerve to hold the curve, two big hands on the wheel. But twenty tonnes of ironbark, the devils fatal load, went crashing off the Moonbi... the end of Big Jim&#39;s road."</p><br>
<p>‘The Pinch’ was a pass over the First Moonbi Hill near Cory’s Pillar which involved a steep climb of about 200 m. Here teamsters used to hitch several teams together to haul their wagons up this section. Descending the range loaded, they often dragged felled trees behind them to slow their descent down these steep slopes.</p><br>
<p>Capt. B. H. Martindale, the Commissioner for Internal Communication, in his fourth report in 1860 was able to refer to "2 miles of road at the Moonbi’s Pass which has been greatly improved." By 1865, the road section between Tamworth and Bendemeer had been cleared and fenced.</p><br>
<p>A second route was found through the Moonbi Ranges in the early 1870s which eliminated the steep section of "The (Blue) Pinch."</p><br>
<p>In 1937 a new bitumen sealed route to eliminate the earlier “S-Bend” deviation and a steep section was built from Moonbi over the range. Reconstruction on the First Moonbi Hill which began in 1975 now continues on a 5 km section, which has double traffic lanes in each direction. Emergency stopping beds have been built running off the highway of both of the hills in case of vehicle brake failure.</p><br>
<p>The Moonbi Park lookout situated in a high area just off the New England Highway roughly 25 km north of Tamworth, offers a spectacular view of the areas south of the mountain from a huge granite boulder.</p><br>
<p>In August 1998 The New England Highway was closed for eight hours after two truck-sized boulders fell onto the northbound highway, blocking it.</p><br>
<p>The Moss Hill Church, also known as the Moss Hill Methodist Church and now the Moss Hill United Methodist Church, is located near Vernon in Washington County, Florida, in the United States. The Holmes Valley Methodist Mission was established in 1821-1825. The church was built in 1857.</p><br>
<p>Moss Hill Church is listed in the National Register of Historic Places of the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the church is from heart of pine wood (the center of a pine tree, saturated with sap). This wood also is known in the West Florida dialect as "Fat Lighter". The term "fat" refers to the saturated sap. The term "Lighter" refers to "lighting" or "burning&quot as small spikes of this special wood can be used to begin combustion. Upon aging, the wood becomes very strong, impervious to termites or water damage.</p><br>
<p>The altar area of the church was constructed by the Roche Family, early settlers to Holmes Valley, Florida.</p><br>
<p>The church is still in existence today.</p><br>
<p>Squak Mountain is the second most westerly mountain of the Issaquah Alps mountain chain in Washington state. It is situated between Cougar Mountain to the west and Tiger Mountain to the east. Interstate 90 parallels the base of the north side of the mountain. Much of the Squak Mountain watershed drains into Lake Sammamish. Most of the mountain is protected by Squak Mountain State Park and Cougar/Squak and Squak/Tiger Corridors of King County.</p><br>
<p>Squak Mountain actually consists of three major peaks: the (Elevation 2024 feet), the (Elevation 1995 feet), and the (Elevation 1673 feet).</p><br>
<p>The name "Squak" comes from the Southern Lushootseed placename /sqʷásxʷ/, which is also the source of the name Issaquah Creek and the city of Issaquah.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Squak Mountain first appears in the history of European settlement after the discovery of coal on the mountain in 1859. This helped fuel the establishment of the first commercial coal mine in Issaquah, WA in 1862 and in Renton, WA in 1863. While there is no longer coal mining on Squak Mountain, the dangers posed by abandoned mines are one reason it has been preserved from development.</p><br>
<p>Squak Mountain State Park was formed in 1972. The initial land grant of 590 acres to form the park was made by the Bullitt family. The initial grant was near the top and specified that the land remain in its natural state. These stipulations can still be seen today in the greater restrictions in park usage at the top of the mountain, on the original Bullitt family parcel. The remains of the Bullitt family home (just a foundation and fireplace) can be found in this original parcel.</p><br>
<p>Over time, the park has expanded to its current size of 1,545-acres through the acquisition of additional parcels of land.</p><br>
<p>While generally a quiet and safe park, Squak Mountain has seen mayhem over the years.</p><br>
<p>On January 15, 1953 during a heavy storm, a Flying Tiger Line DC-4 flying to Boeing field from Burbank, California was blown off course, clipped trees near the summit and came down near a farm near the Issaquah-Hobart Road in a fiery crash that killed all on board. The fire was so intense it was four days before it burned itself out enough that rescuers could approach and recover the bodies.</p><br>
<p>On May 4, 1991, Donna Barensten who suffered from dementia disappeared while hiking with her husband Ron in Squak Mountain State Park. Her body was found nearly one year later on April 27, 1992.</p><br>
<p>On April 25, 2004, the body of Alena Stathopoulos, 29 was found on the Squak Mountain trail not far from SE May Valley Road by two hikers. Her roommate Esther Rose Havekost was convicted in December 2004 for murdering her in their shared apartment and for paying a man $10,000 to dump the body. She was sentenced to 27 months in prison.</p><br>
<p>On August 7, 2011, Kenneth Blanchard, 53, an experienced paraglider, died after a rigging problem caused him to fall 40 to 50 feet to his death. He had launched from Poo Poo Point on Tiger Mountain with the intent of landing not at the TIger Mountain Flight Park landing point, but instead in a pasture near his home in Renton, Washington. While flying over the High Valley neighborhood on the southwest side of Squak Mountain, his rigging experienced a catastrophic failure that caused him to fall to his death in a pasture.</p><br>
<h2>The Park</h2><br>
<p>The well-signed trail system consists mostly of abandoned roads that are narrowing to single-track trails, more so each year. One such road-trail leads to a foundation and fireplace that is the remnant of the Bullitt family summer home. Distant views are infrequent because of the forest. The major attraction of Squak Mountain is its urban wilderness.</p><br>
<h3>Trails</h3><br>
<p>Residential development in Issaquah extends to the park boundary to and elevation of about 1,100 ft. The park is accessed from a trailhead (elevation 740 ft) at the hairpin turn of Mountainside Drive in the north, and the signed state park entrance on May Valley Road in the south (elevation 350 ft). A lesser trailhead is found on the Renton-Issaquah Road on the west (elevation 400 ft). Other trailheads may be reached via Sycamore Drive SE and Sunrise Place SE.</p><br>
<p>Am Basteir  is a mountain in the northern Cuillin range on the Isle of Skye in Scotland. It is 934 metres  high and classed as a Munro. It forms a narrow blade of rock, which bears comparison with the Inaccessible Pinnacle.</p><br>
<p>The easiest route to the summit starts from Sligachan following a path along the left bank of the Allt Dearg Beag (small red burn) for 5 km to a small lochan in the Coire a&#39; Bhasteir, then up a gruelling scree slope to the bealach on the main ridge between Sgurr nan Gillean and Am Basteir. A scramble of approximately 200 metres along the east ridge will bring you to the summit although care should be taken near the top as there is a "bad step", a 3 metre high notch in the ridge to negotiate. This could be scrambled down until recently but a rockfall now means it must be avoided, downclimbed or abseiled. The bad step is most easily avoided via an elusive moderate scrambling route on the south face but can be reascended (i.e. on descent from the summit) without difficulty. The western end of Am Basteir is vertical, though it is possible for a walker coming from the direction of Bruach na Frìthe to reach the top by skirting below Am Basteir to reach the bealach mentioned above.</p><br>
<p>At the foot of the western side there is large prominent pinnacle, similar in shape to Am Basteir itself, known as the Basteir Tooth.</p><br>
<p>The Roggeveld Mountains  is a mountain range situated mainly in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The range forms the western escarpment of the eponymous Roggeveld plateau, and separates it from the lower lying Tankwa Karoo to the west. Its highest peak is Sneeukrans , situated northwest of Sutherland.</p><br>
<p>Unmarked on many regional maps, it occupies an extensive but remote part of the Northern Cape, seldom visited by tourists. It extends from the vicinity of Calvinia in the northwest, past Sutherland in the south, where it terminates in the Klein-Roggeveld range. Several road passes ascend the plateau from the south and west. From the south they are the Komsberg Pass, Verlatenkloof, Ouberg Pass at an altitude of 1,404 metres, Gannaga Pass and the Bloukrans Pass which ascends its northern promontory, the Bloukrans Mountain.</p><br>
<p>The range receives about 200 mm of rainfall in an average year, its higher elevations are amongst the coldest places in South Africa, as attested by temperature statistics kept for Sutherland, which is perched on the Roggeveld plateau at 1,500 m.</p><br>
<p>Monte Cara is a mountain in the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. Its elevation is 489 m, it is one of the islands tallest summit mainly the fourth, it is shorter than Madeiral and nearby Fateixa in the southwest, the latter forms the small mountain range of the west of the island. It is situated 5 km west of the island capital Mindelo, and falls steeply to the Atlantic Ocean to its north along with Porto Grande, a feature that is also a caldera. The name means "the face mountain", for its resemblance of a reclining giants face, one of the two could be George Washington or Henry the Navigator.</p><br>
<h2>About the mountain</h2><br>
<p>The mountain plays a role on the island&#39;s culture and is the true symbol of the city of Mindelo.</p><br>
<p>The geology forms a part of a rock formation known as Madeiral-Monte Cara formation with its length of 10 to 12 kilometers and rocks are deep as 2,500 meters. They were formed about 4.5 to 3.1 million years ago.</p><br>
<p>The lower portions of the mountain is vegetated but not in higher areas where escarpments are dominated, it is not as vegetated as to Monte Verde, along with the area north of Mindelo and many areas of the south of the island.</p><br>
<p>The song Monte Cara was featured in the album Voz d&#39;Amor (2003) by Cesária Évora. A recording company founded by Bana named Discos Monte Cara based in Lisbon, Portugal is named after the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Mount Lindsey is a high mountain summit on the Sierra Blanca Massif in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 14,048 ft fourteener is located in the Sangre de Cristo Land Grant, 17.4 km north  of the community of Fort Garland in Costilla County, Colorado, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain</h2><br>
<p>The summit and most of the southern flank of the mountain are privately held, but access to the summit is allowed. In 1954, the name was changed to honor Malcolm Lindsey, a beloved chaperone for the Juniors of the Colorado Mountain Club in the 1940s. Previously the mountain had been known as Old Baldy.</p><br>
<h2>Historical names</h2><br>
<p>Baldy</p><br>
<p>Mount Lindsey – 1954</p><br>
<p>Old Baldy</p><br>
<p>Old Baldy Peak – 1906</p><br>
<p>DAR Constitution Hall is a concert hall located at 1776 D Street NW, near the White House in Washington, D.C. It was built in 1929 by the Daughters of the American Revolution to house its annual convention when membership delegations outgrew Memorial Continental Hall. Later, the two buildings were connected by a third structure housing the DAR Museum, administrative offices, and genealogical library. DAR Constitution Hall is still owned and operated by the National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985. It has been a major cultural center of the city since its construction, and houses its largest auditorium.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The hall was designed by architect John Russell Pope and is located at 1776 D Street NW, just east of the Department of the Interior, between the American Red Cross and the Organization of American States, across from the Ellipse in front of the White House. The hall seats 3,702, with 2,208 in the tiers and 1,234 on the orchestra level. Additionally, 52 boxes (containing five seats each) separate the orchestra from the tiers, including one Presidential box.</p><br>
<p>The Hall is a Neoclassical style structure, faced with Alabama limestone and houses the largest auditorium in Washington. This auditorium is unusual with its U-shaped balcony, necessary to provide the enormous amount of seating required by the program while retaining practical sight distances. The auditorium holds a three-manual, 40 rank Skinner pipe organ, Opus number 757.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>The Hall is used for concerts, school commencements, conferences, corporate meetings, televised events and other performances. The Hall hosted the 1939 premiere of Mr. Smith Goes to Washington and was the recording site for Eddie Murphy Delirious in 1983; Whitney Houstons Classic Whitney concerts in 1997; Martin Lawrence Live: Runteldat in 2002; Chris Rocks HBO special and album Never Scared in 2004 and Robin Williams HBO special Weapons of Self Destruction in 2009. It has hosted tapings of TV game shows Jeopardy! in 1997, 2004, 2012 and 2016, and Wheel of Fortune in 2000 and the 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2008 Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group.</p><br>
<p>From 1930 until the opening of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in 1971, Constitution Hall was home to the National Symphony Orchestra and the citys principal venue for touring classical music soloists and orchestras. Some of the earliest mainstream country music concerts were also held there, organized by Connie B. Gay. The National Geographic Society presented sold-out film lectures, filling the hall for many decades, three evenings a week until about 1990 when they moved to the National Geographic theater near 16th and M Streets, NW. The free Air Force Band Sunday concerts, featuring famous guest artists, are popular, as is the bands special Christmas gala show.</p><br>
<p>In 1939, the DAR denied African-American singer Marian Anderson the opportunity to sing at the Hall causing first lady Eleanor Roosevelt to resign her membership in protest. The organization would later reverse its racial exclusion policy and Anderson performed at Constitution Hall for an American Red Cross war relief benefit in 1943; in 1964, she chose it as the first venue of her farewell concert tour.</p><br>
<p>Every USA president since Calvin Coolidge has attended at least one event at the theater.</p><br>
<p>Tiger Mountain is a mountain in the USA state of Washington.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain</h2><br>
<p>The mountain has six peaks in the center of the Issaquah Alps forming a 13,500 acre triangle between Interstate 90 (I-90) on the north, Issaquah-Hobart Road</p><br>
<p>on the southwest, and State Route 18 (SR 18) on the southeast. Immediately to the west is Squak Mountain followed by Cougar Mountain, to the south east are Mc Donald and Taylor Mountains, and Rattlesnake Ridge.</p><br>
<p>Tiger Mountain State Forest was established in 1981. In 1989, the entire Issaquah Plateau in the northwest corner was designated as a conservation area, the West Tiger Mountain Natural Resources Conservation Area, accessed by a large trailhead at Exit 20 on I-90.</p><br>
<p>The most crowded trail leads to the bald summit of West Tiger #3, with a panoramic view of Seattle and points to the south and east. It is a 6.2 mi hike, round-trip, with an elevation change of about 2,000 ft. The nearby peaks of West Tiger #2 and West Tiger #1 provide essentially the same view, but with fewer obstructions.</p><br>
<p>Poo Poo Point, a bare shoulder of West Tiger Mountain, is a bare ridge on the west side of Tiger Mountain. The point is named for the sound the steam whistles would make when signaling loggers. The point is a popular launching point for paragliding and hang gliding. The point by the Chirico Trail which starts at the landing zone for the hang gliders and paragliders in a field adjacent to the Issaquah-Hobart Road, or by taking the High School Trail which begins on 2nd Avenue just south of Issaquah High School. Many people fly year-round (weather permitting) and have flown cross-country flights exceeding 75 mi.</p><br>
<p>State Route 18 runs between Tiger and Taylor mountains, reaching an elevation of 1,375 ft. This stretch of the highway is commonly referred to as the, "Tiger Mountain Summit" in local traffic reports. Another major trailhead is located at this summit. The trail provides access to South Tiger Mountain with limited views, Middle Tiger Mountain with a 45 degree window looking down on the Cedar Hills Landfill, and East Tiger Mountain with a panoramic view south toward Mount Rainier.</p><br>
<p>Many trails on Tiger Mountain have wide beds and slope very gently because they are built on the remnants of 1920s logging railroads, long after the rails and crossties were salvaged in the Great Depression. Near Middle Tiger Mountain is the site of a fatal 1924 train wreck where artifacts can still be seen.</p><br>
<p>In the most remote part of the forest, 15 Mile Creek arises in the pass between East and West Tiger. The creek carves a miniature "Grand Canyon" through sandstone.</p><br>
<p>Much of Tiger Mountain is owned or managed by the Washington State Department of Natural Resources.</p><br>
<h2>Transmitting facilities</h2><br>
<p>Some Seattle area radio station transmitters are on Tiger Mountain&#39;s west face. These include:</p><br>
<p>KNKX 88.5</p><br>
<p>KQMV 92.5</p><br>
<p>KMPS-FM 94.1</p><br>
<p>KJAQ 96.5</p><br>
<p>KIRO-FM 97.3</p><br>
<p>KING-FM 98.1</p><br>
<p>KVRQ 98.9</p><br>
<p>KISW 99.9</p><br>
<p>KKWF 100.7</p><br>
<p>KZOK-FM 102.5</p><br>
<p>KHTP 103.7</p><br>
<p>KBKS-FM 106.1</p><br>
<p>KNDD 107.7</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>The Lower Tauern or Niedere Tauern  are a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps, in the Austrian states of Salzburg and Styria.</p><br>
<p>For the etymology of the name, see Tauern.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range forms a part of the main chain of the Alps. The highest peak of the Lower Tauern is the Hochgolling, part of the Schladming Tauern, at 2,863 m (9,393 ft).</p><br>
<p>Important mountain pass roads include Radstädter Tauern Pass (1,738 m), Sölk Pass (1,788 m), and Triebener Tauern Pass (1,274 m). The range is also crossed by the Tauern Autobahn (A10) through the Tauern Road Tunnel.</p><br>
<h3>Borders</h3><br>
<p>In the west and south the Murtörl mountain pass and the River Mur separate them from the Hohe Tauern mountain range, while in the east and north the River Enns and the Schober Pass marks the border to the Northern Limestone Alps.</p><br>
<h3>Alpine Club classification</h3><br>
<p>According to the Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps, the Lower Tauern may be divided into four subgroups (from west to east):</p><br>
<p>Radstadt Tauern (45a)</p><br>
<p>Schladming Tauern (45b)</p><br>
<p>Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern (45c)</p><br>
<p>Seckau Tauern (45d).</p><br>
<p>The four groups listed above (the Radstadt Tauern, Schladming Tauern, Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern and Seckau Alps) are considered Alpine subsections.</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the range are:</p><br>
<h2>Geology and environment</h2><br>
<p>The Lower Tauern mark the approximate eastern limit of the continuous ice sheet in the Alps during the Würm glaciation. Eastern parts of the group were therefore unglaciated, and served as an important refugium for silicicolous plants.</p><br>
<h2>Winter sports</h2><br>
<p>A number of skiing resorts are situated in the Lower Tauern, including Obertauern and Schladming.</p><br>
<p>The Radstadt Tauern  are a subrange of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria. Together with the Schladming Tauern, the Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern and the Seckau Tauern the Radstadt Tauern form the major range of mountains known as the Low Tauern. The mountains are found in the southeast of the Austrian state of Salzburg, between the upper reaches of the Enns and Mur rivers.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Radstadt Tauern form the westernmost part of the Low Tauern range. They are bounded to the southwest by the High Tauern, to the northwest by the Salzburg Pongau region, and to the east by the Schladming Tauern. Their name is derived from the historic town of Radstadt in the Enns valley.</p><br>
<h3>Neighbouring ranges</h3><br>
<p>The Radstadt Tauern border on the following other mountain ranges of the Alps:</p><br>
<p>Schladming Tauern (to the east)</p><br>
<p>Nock Mountains (Gurktal Alps; to the southeast)</p><br>
<p>Ankogel Group (High Tauern; to the west)</p><br>
<p>Salzburg Slate Alps (to the north)</p><br>
<h3>Boundary</h3><br>
<p>According to the Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps (AVE), the mountains are bounded by the following line, in a clockwise direction:</p><br>
<p>Wagrainer Bach from its confluence with the Salzach – Wagrainer Höhe – Litzlingbach to its confluence with the Enns – Enns to Radstadt – Northern Taurach valley – Obertauern – Southern Taurach valley – Mauterndorf – Neuseß – Mur – Murtörl Pass – Kreealpenbach – Großarlbach to its confluence with the Salzach – Salzach to its confluence with the Wagrainer Bach.</p><br>
<h3>Communications</h3><br>
<p>The eastern edge of the Radstadt Tauern is crossed by the Radstädter Tauern Pass and, since 1975, by the Tauern Road Tunnel of the Tauern Autobahn (A10).</p><br>
<p>In the north and south of the range, the Enns Valley and Mur Valley Railway lines, as well as parallel federal roads (Bundesstraßen) run along the upper Enns and upper Mur valleys.</p><br>
<h3>Peaks</h3><br>
<p>Its highest summits are the Weißeck, the Hochfeind and the Mosermandl.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<h3>Alpine huts</h3><br>
<p>Südwiener Hut,</p><br>
<p>Franz Fischer Hut,</p><br>
<p>Stickler Hut,</p><br>
<p>Speiereck Hut,</p><br>
<p>Gnadenalm,</p><br>
<p>Tappenkarsee Hut,</p><br>
<p>Draugstein Hut,</p><br>
<p>Kleinarler Hut,</p><br>
<h3>Ski regions</h3><br>
<p>Skiing in the Radstadt Tauern is concentrated around the village of Obertauern and in the ski areas in the north and northwest, near Altenmarkt-Zauchensee or Flachau. The Radstadt Tauern are also well known for their ski touring terrain.</p><br>
<p>The Surf Ballroom  is a Historic Rock and Roll Landmark at 460 North Shore Drive, Clear Lake, Iowa. The Surf is closely associated with the event known colloquially as "The Day the Music Died" - early rock and roll stars Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson gave their last performances at the Surf on February 2, 1959 as part of the "Winter Dance Party Tour".</p><br>
<p>On September 6, 2011, The Surf Ballroom was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Surf Ballroom opened on 17 April 1933. It burned down on 20 April 1947 at an estimated loss of $250,000. On 1 July 1948 it reopened, having been rebuilt across the street from its original location. It still hosts numerous events year round and has a seating capacity of 2,100 and a 6,300 ft&sup2; dance floor. The facility includes a museum of music memorabilia, a Wall of Fame including many of the many famous artists who performed at the venue, and a souvenir shop.</p><br>
<p>The Surf Ballroom is currently owned by the Snyder family of Clear Lake and is open to the public daily. The exterior of the ballroom has changed very little since the 1950s. Backstage, in an area known as "The Green Room," acts that have performed on the ballroom&#39;s historic stage, such as Little River Band, Loverboy, The Righteous Brothers, The Temptations, The Beach Boys, Waylon Jennings and Bobby Rydell have signed their names on the whitewashed walls, as well as have had photos of themselves placed on a wall alongside those of early rock-and-roll pioneers.</p><br>
<p>In 1998, the Surf Ballroom was inducted into the Iowa Rock n Roll Hall of Fame in the Ballroom category. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum designated the Surf Ballroom a historical landmark on January 27, 2009. The ceremony giving landmark status to the site kicked off a week-long celebration of the 50th anniversary of the February 2, 1959, "Winter Dance Party" concert and the tragic incident of February 3, 1959.</p><br>
<h2>The Day the Music Died</h2><br>
<p>Holly, Valens and Richardson left The Surf immediately after the show, going to the nearby Mason City airport and chartering a small plane to take them to Fargo, North Dakota to prepare for their next show at the Moorhead Armory in Moorhead, Minnesota. The plane took off at 12:55 AM Central Time on Tuesday February 3, 1959. Shortly after takeoff, the plane crashed, killing everyone aboard.</p><br>
<p>A concrete monument was erected outside The Surf, and the ballroom is adorned with large pictures of the three musicians. A street flanking the facility&#39;s east property line is named Buddy Holly Place in his honor.</p><br>
<h2>Winter Dance Party Tribute Event</h2><br>
<p>Each February since 1979, the Surf Ballroom hosts a "Winter Dance Party" tribute show to honor the lives and legacies of the three stars.</p><br>
<p>The Midtown Greenway is a 5.7 mi rail trail in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is considered under segregated cycle facilities.</p><br>
<p>Used both recreationally and for commuting, the partially below-grade Greenway runs east-west about one block north of Lake Street. It provides cyclists, inline skaters, runners and pedestrians a virtually automobile-free route across the city.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Greenway lies in a former Milwaukee Road railroad corridor along 29th Street. This corridor had been abandoned west of Hiawatha Avenue but is still active east of Hiawatha as part of the Minnesota Commercial Railway. The rail line was originally built between 1879 and 1881; however, as traffic increased, the city of Minneapolis mandated a trench be built between Hiawatha and Irving avenues in 1910. The trench, bridges and retaining walls were evaluated in 1989 as part of the Reinforced-Concrete Highway Bridges in Minnesota MPS, and then listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Grade Separation. In 1993, the railroad property was purchased by the Hennepin County Regional Railroad Authority.</p><br>
<p>Phase One of the Greenway opened in August 2000, starting at the intersection of 31st Street and Chowen Avenue, just inside Minneapolis city limits. Running between Lake of the Isles and Lake Calhoun, the Greenway enters the 29th Street trench near Hennepin Avenue. Phase Two opened in November 2004, running from 5th Avenue to Hiawatha Avenue. The rest of the Greenway to the Mississippi River opened as Phase Three in September 2006. In fall of 2007, the new Martin Olav Sabo Bridge was opened by Hennepin County and the city as Phase Four, eliminating a dangerous at-grade crossing at seven-lane Hiawatha Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The Greenway consists of two one-way bike lanes and one two-way walking path, though they are combined in some places with space constrictions. Because of the historic nature of the corridor, it cannot easily be widened or modified.</p><br>
<p>To the west the Greenway connects directly to the Southwest LRT Trail, named after the future Southwest Corridor with which it will share right-of-way. It also connects to the Kenilworth Trail (which in turn connects to the Cedar Lake Trail) providing access to downtown Minneapolis and the western suburbs. To the east, the Greenway connects to West River Parkway, a part of the Grand Rounds Scenic Byway. In between, there is access to the Chain of Lakes, as well as the Light Rail Trail, connecting the Greenway to the Downtown East community.</p><br>
<p>The Freewheel Bike Center, consisting of a bike store and repair shop, as well as shower and locker facilities, opened in May 2008 at the Midtown Exchange near where the Greenway intersects Chicago Avenue.</p><br>
<p>Bike traffic on the Greenway has increased 261% between 2003 and 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Future</h2><br>
<p>A fifth phase, which would carry cyclists across the Mississippi River, has an undetermined completion date. Planners hoped to use the Short Line Bridge to St. Paul, though the Canadian Pacific Railway (successor to Milwaukee Road) has not been receptive to the proposal. In addition, engineers have expressed concerns over the safety of the bridge.</p><br>
<p>Currently plans are to use the Greenway right-of-way for a streetcar line is also under consideration and has the support of the Greenway Coalition.</p><br>
<p>Agios Thomas  is a village in Boeotia, Greece. It is a community of Tanagra municipality, near Athens. The community has an area of 39.262 km.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Liatani was the name before 1929. Several theories exist for its etymology:</p><br>
<p>Without being documented, it is said that the first resident of the district was a wealth land owner, named Liatis.</p><br>
<p>A 2nd approach is that the name came from the arbanetic expression: " leaita nie" (kill someone), which was used by the soldiers at the revolution of 1821.</p><br>
<p>The period that Hellas was under Ottoman occupation, arbanitic liapedes went out the district, the village took the name: Liatani.(Liapedes-Liapani-Liatani).</p><br>
<p>Mavromati is another name, that George Syrmas (90 years old) in 1967 insist on, due to plethora of olive trees, around the village. Source: Folklore Collection of Athens University. (Eftihea Syrma 1967).</p><br>
<p>The name: Mavromati is mentioned in the book of Colonel William Martin Leake: Travels in Northern Greece, during his visit to the region in 1806.</p><br>
<p>Also the prefect of Thebes, N. Karoris at his report: Ekthesis incident, raising the month of April during the 1830 on the conflict with the Turks to lands on 19 June 1833, records the name or Liatani or Mavromati village of Livadia. (Liatani was under the jurisdiction of the province Livadias).</p><br>
<p>Source: Unpublished Documents relating to the final deliberation of the land in eastern Greece. Elias Papathanassopoulos.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Byzantine Era</h3><br>
<p>By the 8th century AD the Eastern Roman Empire, based at Constantinople, had reconquered the Greek countryside from the Slavs, including Boeotia, and this ushered in a period of steady growth of rural population and at the major regional towns (such as Thebes in Central Boeotia). We can match this picture from Byzantine sources with the results of our rural survey around Tanagra  a whole series of small villages or hamlets was established at regular intervals of every few kilometres, datable by characteristic Middle Byzantine ceramics found on their surface to foundations in the 10th−11th centuries AD. These continue to flourish into the next period of Crusader feudal conquest of our region (13th−14th century). The advantageous location of ancient Tanagra City explains the fact that one such village is founded only a kilometre from the ancient town, by the rural church still standing from that village of Agios Thomas. The church is Middle Byzantine of 12th century AD date, whilst the associated village which we discovered from widespread surface pottery in the fields left of the church, was occupied from the 11th−14th centuries AD (A. Vionis, Leiden). All the Byzantine villages disappear in the 14th century, and this can be related to the return of the Bubonic Plague and to the devastating wars between the Franks, the Byzantines and the Turks which left most of the southern Mainland of Greece cleared of population, which either retreated to upland villages in each region or was carried off into slavery.</p><br>
<h3>Ottoman Era</h3><br>
<p>The first village tax records for Boeotia, in 1466, shortly after the Ottoman Turkish conquest of Greece, show vividly this absence of Greek settlements in the Lowlands and a small number of enlarged refuge villages in the hills of Boeotia. Eastern Boeotia with the large plains and plateaus around Tanagra is especially empty. To recolonise this landscape between 1400−1500 AD the final Frankish Dukes of Athens and then the Ottoman rulers invited large numbers of new settlers, from Albania, with the specific direction to locate new villages near abandoned ones from the previous settlement system. This is the origin of our modern villages at Tanagra (former Bratsi) and at Kleidi (Kleideti). After some 100 years of Ottoman rule, the peaceful conditions of the Pax Ottomanic saw population rise for both Greek and Albanian villages, as well as new village foundations. The Ottoman village tax record for 1570 shows this well. Modern Ayios Thomas has a more complex history; it is rather recent, and was founded by villagers moving out of the mountains between Boeotia and Attica at the end of the Turkish era and after the War of Greek Independence, in the early 19th century AD. Before Thomas though a village existed at its own site, called Kelmendi or Liatani, and further south a small linked pair of hamlets called Kinos or Ginosati, now deserted.</p><br>
<h3>Liatani in Ottoman Occupation Era</h3><br>
<p>As all Greek villages, Liatani fought against occupiers on the side of Captain Athanasios Skourtaniotis. He was born in 1793 at Skourta village (Dervenohoria). Dervenohoria enjoyed little autonomy and retained a small body of men combatants led by Skourtaniotis. He managed many defeats against the Ottomans of the area. His real name was Gatsis, but known as Captain Thanases.</p><br>
<p>Officer Ioannis Kiokes from Liatani fought on the side of Skourtnaniotis. He honored by medal of cross and generosity from our country. He participated also, at the battle of Arachova, under chief Georgios Karaiskakis. He died in Liatani. He was granted the rank of 2nd lieutenant by Royal Decree of 20 May 1838, as a reward for the struggle of independence and his offer during the plague in Poros island.</p><br>
<p>Ioannis Koubitsas is another officer of Skourtaniotis from Liatani. He was renowned for wisdom and courage. He served under the command of Gardikiotis at Jamalas Papakostas&#39;s insurgency in 1848, at Palaiokastro of Phthiotis and killed in a clash between government troops and rebels.</p><br>
<h3>Ηistorical Τimeline</h3><br>
<p>1821. -July. Pasha Omer Vryonis from Eboea came in Liatani with 3000 men to help the Turks in Athens, where they had run out of food. Liatani was 9 hours away from Athens. 700 Athenians were resisting, but finally went backwards. On 20 July Omer Vryonis conquers Athens.</p><br>
<p>Source: History of Athens. Dionysios Sourmelis, 1853. 2nd edition.</p><br>
<p>Michalis Economou in the files of Greek History says: Vryonis passed byAulis and Tanagra to support the Turks besieged the Acropolis. On June 17 overnights in Liatani and attacks the body of Vasilis Chatzimeletis, which had arrived in the village to ward off the invasion of Athens.</p><br>
<p>The same issue mentioned Capt. John E. Nouchakes by moving the date to July 29, 1821.</p><br>
<p>Source: Greek Chorographia, geography, history, population statistics and distances, 1901. 3rd edition. John Nouchakes.</p><br>
<p>1832. -6(18 former calendae) December. Residents of Ayios Thomas, following Thebess county residents, undersigned the landowners complain to the competent authorities and the entire enlightened world to an unacceptable action by the Ottoman inhabitants of Euboea to sell out national land to foreign investors. Source: General Archives, Historical file of Mr. Athanasios Kyriakos, former secretary of Kleidis Community.</p><br>
<p>1835. -8 April. Formed by royal decree the Municipality of Tanagra at Thebes Province, having capital the village Liatais. The decree was not published in the Government Gazette. Ranked in third class with a population of 1287 inhabitants, and the initial establishment:( Liatais: 324, bratsi: 122, Schimatari: 280, Inia: 61, Kakosalesi: 327, Bouga: 39, Koloteti: 129). Source: 1.History of Greek municipalities 1833−1912, Eleftherios C. Skiadas. 2.GAK.Oth arch.Yp.Es.F113, Ad N.23801.</p><br>
<p>1903. -29 March. Female school is established in Liatani. Published by royal decree GG: 54/1903</p><br>
<p>1912. -31 August. Establishment of community, located in the settlement Liatani at prefecture of Attica and Boeotia. Gov. 262A - 31 August 1912.</p><br>
<p>1914. -4 October. Strong earthquake which was felt throughout the province, removes most of the houses in the village. Community president: Aristides Papaconstantinou and the police officer: Andreas Aggelakopoulos accused by the villagers for discriminatory allocation of state aid.</p><br>
<p>1921. -9 October. Corporals Stephanos John Papageorgiou and Theodorou S.I. included in the names of the piers of the XIII division in battles of Sagarious, announced the press office of the Greek government.</p><br>
<p>1929. -30 April. Alteration of the toponymic Liatani in hitherto known: Ayios Thomas.</p><br>
<p>1941. -19 February. Corporal Paul Spyridon Georgiadis killed in the battle of Pestanis. He belonged to the 34th Infantry Regiment. Born in Ayios Thomas Thebes in 1918.</p><br>
<p>1941. -7 March. Soldier Papadedes Christou Evangelos killed in Metzgkorani Tepeleniou. He belonged to the 67th Infantry Regiment. Born in Ayios Thomas Thebes in 1913.</p><br>
<p>1941. -20 May. Soldier Kokosis Michael Dimitris killed in the Battle of Crete, Skine Chania. He belonged to the 7th center of prisoners. Born in Ayios Thomas Thebes in 1906.</p><br>
<p>1942. -11 February. Aris Velouchiotis leaves in Liatani part of his soldiers under the commands of Tzavelas. Velouchitis with Orestes, Pelopidas, Leondas and Gardikiotis drive to the Fili Monastery(Xasia). There they dressed with priest clothes(rasa). Having their weapons hidden beneath the rasa, go down to Athens (Hadjipanayiotou, 1982).</p><br>
<p>1942. -16 July. WO John Georgiadis killed on 16 July 1942, arranged in service (mission bombing), near the airport ETKOY Egypt by aircraft Hurricane.</p><br>
<p>1943. -26 July. The community belongs to the prefecture of Viotia, after separation of the prefecture Attikovoiotias. GG: 223A/26-7-1943.</p><br>
<p>1944. -14 February. Doctor Constantine D. Papadedes, 42 years old is slaughtered by anarchists.</p><br>
<p>1944. -20 July. Villagers: Aekaterinis Ioannis, Vougesis Demetrios, Gikas Athanasios and Hronis Aristides are arrested by Germans and held at Avlona&#39;s garrison headquarters.</p><br>
<p>1944. -26 July. The village burnt by Germans</p><br>
<p>1945. -5 December. The settlement Liatani is considered municipal department of Tanagra&#39;s Municipality with the law 25/5-12-1945</p><br>
<p>1963. -11 May. Tragic plant explosion(ELVIEMEK factory) kills 4 attendants from the village: Kava Evangelia A. 17, Kotsoliou P. Catherine 21, Kotsoliou Theofani P. 16, Sterpi Constantinna 18.</p><br>
<p>1997. -4 December. The community is repealed and consolidated with Dilesi, Kleidi and Oinofyta in one Municipality.</p><br>
<p>Leppard Glacier  is a large valley glacier draining east between the Aristotle Mountains and Voden Heights, and flowing into Scar Inlet north of Ishmael Peak, on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. The glacier was first seen from the air and photographed in part by Hubert Wilkins on December 20, 1928, and was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey  in 1955. It is now clear that, on the photographic evidence of his outward flight, Wilkins gave the name "Crane Channel" to this glacier, and that on his return flight he photographed what is now accepted as Crane Glacier, perhaps thinking that it was the same feature. Since Crane Glacier has been retained for the northern of these glaciers photographed by Wilkins, the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee has named this feature for Norman A.G. Leppard, assistant surveyor with the FIDS, who surveyed this area in 1955.</p><br>
<p>Mount Levack  is the mountain rising to 2751 m in Sullivan Heights on the east side of Sentinel Range, Antarctica. It is located 21 km  east of Mount Ostenso, and overlooks Pulpudeva Glacier to the southwest and lower Ellen Glacier to the north. Its ridge is separated from Mount Farrell to the south by Zmeevo Pass and overlooks Strinava Glacier to the east-southeast.</p><br>
<p>The peak was first mapped by USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957-59. Named by US-ACAN for Major Herbert T. Levack, United States Air Force (USAF), who participated in establishing the South Pole Station in the 1956-57 season.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>* Vinson Massif. Scale 1:250 000 topographic map. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey, 1988.</p><br>
<p>Beechey Island  is an island located in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago of Nunavut, Canada, in Wellington Channel. It is separated from the southwest corner of Devon Island by Barrow Strait. Other features include Wellington Channel, Erebus Harbour, and Terror Bay.</p><br>
<p>The first European visit the island was in 1819 by Captain William Edward Parry. The island was named after the artist William Beechey (1753–1839) by his son Frederick William Beechey (1796–1856) who was then serving as Parry&#39;s lieutenant.</p><br>
<p>It is the site of several very significant events in the history of Arctic exploration. In 1845, the British explorer Sir John Franklin, commanding a new but ill-fated search for the Northwest Passage aboard HMSs Erebus and Terror, chose the protected harbor of Beechey Island for his first winter encampment. The site was not discovered until 1851 when British and American search vessels anchored nearby.</p><br>
<p>They found a large stone cairn, along with the graves of three of Franklin&#39;s crew -- Petty Officer John Torrington, Royal Marine Private William Braine, and Able Seaman John Hartnell—but no written record or indication of where Franklin planned to sail the next season. In 1850 Edward Belcher used the island as a base. There are memorials to Franklin and other polar explorers and sailors on the island, including Joseph René Bellot.</p><br>
<p>In 1903, paying respect to Franklin, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen stopped at the island at the beginning of his successful voyage in search for the Northwest Passage.</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s, Canadian forensic anthropologist Dr. Owen Beattie examined the three bodies, finding them to be (externally) remarkably well-preserved. Autopsies determined that lung disease and lead poisoning were among the probable causes of death; the lead appeared to come from the thousands of lead-soldered tins of provisions with which the Franklin expedition had been supplied (though later studies would suggest that the unique water distillation system used by the ships was the major source of lead poisoning).</p><br>
<p>Beechey Island was declared to be a "Territorial Historic Site" by the government of the Northwest Territories in 1975. Since 1999, it has been part of the newly created Canadian territory of Nunavut.</p><br>
<p>In 1993, five archaeological sites on Beechey Island and nearby Devon Island (the Franklin wintering camp of 1845-46, Northumberland House, the Devon Island site at Cape Riley, two message cairns and the HMS Breadalbane National Historic Site) were designated as the "Beechey Island Sites" National Historic Site of Canada.</p><br>
<p>In fiction, the explorers in Jules Vernes novel Voyages et aventures du capitaine Hatteras visit Beechey Island. In addition, Clive Cusslers 2008 novel, Arctic Drift, featured characters that would visit this island in the quest for Franklins ships. Also mentioned in Dan Simmons novel, The Terror.</p><br>
<p>Risnjak National Park  is a national park in Croatia. It is located in Gorski kotar, the most mountainous and heavily forested region of the country, about 15 km inland from the Adriatic Sea. The park covers an area of 63.5 square kilometers including the central part of Risnjak and Snježnik massif and the source area of the river Kupa. The administration and visitor center of the park are located in Crni Lug, a town on the eastern edge of the park.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name of the massif probably comes from the Croatian word for the lynx, ris. Another interpretation suggests that it comes from the local word risje, which is a name for a type of grass.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first recorded scientific visit was made in 1825 by the Budapest botanist Joseph Standler. Many other botanists visited subsequently. The most prominent 19th century explorer of Risnjak was the botanist Josip Schlosser who wrote numerous publications about Risnjak and its flora. The first organized mountaineering visit was mounted by the Rijeka alpine club, and the first mountain refuge in the area was built in 1932.</p><br>
<p>In 1949 botanist Ivo Horvat suggested for the first time that the area around Risnjak should be protected. On his advice, the parliament of the then Socialist Republic of Croatia declared 36.00 km around Risnjak to be a national park. In 1956 the area of the park was reduced to 30.14 km, of which 21.06 km were put under stricter protection. Finally, in 1997, the Croatian parliament voted to enlarge of the park to its current size. The areas of Snježnik and Kupa source were added to the park but also for the first time inhabited areas of villages of Razloge, Razloški okrug and Krašćevica.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The park is entirely in Primorje-Gorski Kotar county, and is divided between the city of Čabar, the city of Delnice and the municipality of Jelenje. The highest point of the park is Veliki Risnjak (1528 m) and the lowest is the area around the source of the Kupa (313 m). The massif is located on the northern part of the Dinaric Alps, and marks the divide between the Adriatic and Black Sea watersheds.</p><br>
<p>Like most of the Dinaric Alps, the park is dominated by limestone and dolomite rocks and shows major karst features: ponikve, karren on bare rocks, rock falls, swallow holes, caves and so on. Because the limestone is very porous there are few surface flows of water.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>Although Risnjak is of only a modest altitude, it is nevertheless a very significant climatic and vegetational barrier between coastal and continental parts of Croatia. Adriatic and continental weather patterns collide here and play a significant role in determining the park&#39;s climate. It has pleasantly warm summers and an average temperature of up to 22 °C; springs and autumns are rainy, and the winter is long and snowy. The average year-round temperature at the Risnjak mountain lodge is 2.5 °C with an annual rainfall of 3600 mm, which is amongst the highest in the country, and an average snow depth of between 122 and 448 cm.</p><br>
<p>Areas within the park called ponikvas experience a microclimate where, because of temperature inversions, the lower regions are colder than those at higher altitudes. In ponikvas the winter snow lasts much longer than elsewhere.</p><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>Although the park occupies only a relatively small area, very diverse types of flora can be found. It marks the point where the coastal and continental vegetation zones meet, as well as combining the Dinaric and Alpine zones. This produces great floral variety across the multiple ecotones found in the park.</p><br>
<p>Most of the park is covered by a mixture of beech and fir trees growing on limestone and dolomite. Numerous variations characterised by local microclimates and types of soil can also be found. Here one can find single trees of sycamore maple, elm, ash, and sometimes some yew. The beech and fir forest gradually gives way to another large forest zone - the subalpine beech forest with lettuce grass, which grows in areas of the park at heights of between 1200 m and 1400 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The upper border of this ecotone is marked by impenetrable underbrush in form of shrubs creating a unique ecosystem, which has been termed the Fagelatum croaticum subalpinum fruticosu. Above the subalpine beech forest there grows the last, highest forest ecosystem - crooked shrubby pine.</p><br>
<p>The rocky peak of Risnjak is characterised by some especially interesting flora. The peak is home to a variety of rare and sometimes endangered species such as the edelweiss, black vanilla orchid, mountain milfoil, alpine yellow violet, livelong saxifrage, alpine snowbell, mountain avens and hairy alpine rose.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>The fauna is just as diverse as the flora. The park is home to mammals such as the brown bear, red deer, roe deer, chamois, wild boar, wolf, pine marten, stone marten, badger, weasel, squirrel and dormouse. The most important animal used to be the lynx, after which Risnjak got its name. The lynx was exterminated during the 19th century but returned to Risnjak three decades ago, after a successful reintroduction project in neighboring Slovenia. There are also numerous bird species living in Risnjak: capercaillie, hazel grouse, goshawk, eagle owl and several woodpecker species, amongst others. A number of amphibians and reptiles, as well as various insect and snail taxa can also be found.</p><br>
<h2>Places of interest</h2><br>
<p>Due to its closeness to major road connections (motorway Zagreb - Rijeka) and vicinity of major tourist centers on the coastline it is most visited National Park in Croatia.</p><br>
<h3>Risnjak</h3><br>
<p>Veliki Risnjak is the highest peak in the park and the second in Gorski kotar next to Bjelolasica. On its southern slope is located the mountain lodge called Šloserov dom, built by Josip Schlosser. The peak can be reached only on foot, from Crni Lug (3 h) or from an unpaved road beginning in Gornje Jelenje (1h).</p><br>
<h3>Snježnik</h3><br>
<p>Snježnik is the second highest peak in the park at 1506 m. Its name comes from the word for snow - snijeg. The mountain should not be confused with Snežnik, a limestone plateau 20 km to the north-west in Slovenia. On its grassy peak is located a mountain lodge called Albaharijev dom. It is about 1.5 hours&#39; walk from the ski resort of Platak; this has made it the most common place for tour skiing in Croatia.</p><br>
<h3>Guslica</h3><br>
<p>Guslica is a peak about an hours walk from Snježnik, with an altitude of 1490 m. It is the site of an abandoned Yugoslav Peoples Army complex. Since the army left in 1991 the whole place was left to rot, giving it something of the appearance of a ghost town. There have been proposals to renovate the complex to create a mountain refuge, but these have not come to fruition.</p><br>
<h3>Educational path Leska</h3><br>
<p>This path was created by the park administration 1993. It is a circular walk 4.5 km long, beginning and ending at the visitor center in Crni Lug. The path passes through areas of different vegetation and through many different karstic features.</p><br>
<h3>Source of Kupa</h3><br>
<p>The river Kupa has its source at the parks lowest point, in an oval pond some 50 m wide. Numerous expeditions have attempted to determine the ponds depth. Results thus far show that the water springs from two separate channels; the narrower channel is 86 m deep while the wider channel is 57 m. The source can be reached by half an hour&#39;s walk from the village of Razloge.</p><br>
<p>Cumberland Sound   , is an Arctic waterway in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is a western arm of the Labrador Sea located between Baffin Island&#39;s Hall Peninsula and the Cumberland Peninsula. It is approximately 250 km long and 80 km wide.</p><br>
<p>Small islands litter the stretch of water which was formed from glacial activity and meltwater produced from the receding glacier.</p><br>
<p>The only settlement located on the shore of the sound on the Cumberland Peninsula is Pangnirtung. John Davis, the English explorer, went part way up the sound in 1585.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The bay is home to the Cumberland Sound beluga whale, a species known to reside year-round in the sound, with summers spent at the northern end. As well as ringed, bearded, harp, harbour and hooded seals, there are Arctic char, Greenland halibut, and other fish. Birds such as gulls, ducks, and geese also migrate and spend the spring and summer in Cumberland Sound, and ptarmigan and ravens remain year-round.</p><br>
<p>On 9 February 1945, a force of Allied Bristol Beaufighter aircraft suffered heavy casualties during an unsuccessful attack on the German destroyer Z33 and its escorting vessels; the operation was labelled "Black Friday" by the surviving Allied aircrew. The German ships were sheltering in a strong defensive position in Førde Fjord, Norway, forcing the Allied aircraft to attack through heavy anti-aircraft fire. The Beaufighters and their escort of Mustang Mk III fighters from the RAF&#39;s No. 65 Squadron were also intercepted by twelve German Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters of the Luftwaffe fighter wing Jagdgeschwader 5. In the resulting attack, the Allies damaged at least two of the German ships for the loss of seven Beaufighters shot down by flak guns. Another two Beaufighters and one Mustang were shot down by the Fw 190s. Four or five German fighters were shot down by the Allied aircraft, including one flown by German Ace Rudi Linz.</p><br>
<p>The decision to attack Z33 and her escorts rather than a nearby group of merchant ships was in accordance with RAF Coastal Command&#39;s orders from the British Admiralty. The heavy casualties sustained in the raid led to merchant ships being prioritised over destroyers and small warships in subsequent operations. In addition, another squadron of P-51 Mustangs was assigned to protect Allied aircraft operating near Norway from German fighters.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Due to Allied victories in France and Eastern Europe, Germanys surface shipping was largely confined to the lower Baltic and Norwegian waters by late 1944. This left ports in Norway as Germanys last remaining bases to continue the Battle of the Atlantic and conduct trade with Sweden. When the Baltic iced over during the winter of 1944–45, Germany was forced to transport its vital imports of Swedish iron ore from the port of Narvik in northern Norway.</p><br>
<p>In response to the growing importance of German maritime transport routes through Norwegian waters, the Royal Air Force&#39;s Coastal Command transferred seven squadrons of anti-shipping aircraft from bases in eastern England to northern Scotland during September and October 1944. Three squadrons equipped with Mosquito light bombers were stationed at RAF Banff while a wing made up of four squadrons operating Beaufighter heavy fighters was based at RAF Dallachy. The Dallachy Wing comprised the British No. 144 Squadron, Canadian No. 404 Squadron, Australian No. 455 Squadron and New Zealand No. 489 Squadron. These four squadrons were veterans of many anti-shipping operations over the North Sea.</p><br>
<p>Attacks by the Banff Wing quickly forced German ships travelling along the Norwegian coast to sail at night and take shelter in deep fjords during the day where they were very difficult to attack. In order to locate German ships the two wings sent out aircraft on almost daily patrols along the Norwegian coastline from the Skagerrak to Trondheim. During this period the Allied squadrons developed a tactic of sending two outriders ahead of the main body of the patrol; these aircraft were manned by experienced aircrew and penetrated into fjords in search of shipping which might not be spotted by the other aircraft. By December 1944 patrols were also routinely escorted by RAF Mustang Mk III fighters and accompanied by Vickers Warwick air-sea rescue aircraft. Only a single squadron of Mustangs was available, however, as these long-ranged fighters were needed to escort daylight raids by heavy bombers against Germany. German fighters began to be encountered off the Norwegian coast in December, and from the end of the month onwards it was common for Allied wing-sized operations near Norway to be attacked by groups of up to 30 fighters. In March 1945 the Luftwaffe had 85 single-engined and about 45 twin-engined aircraft operating from ten or twelve airfields south of Trondheim.</p><br>
<p>During the first weeks of 1945 the Allied strike wings flew few operations due to severe weather. On 15 January, the Banff Wing was intercepted by 30 Fw 190 fighters from the III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 5 (III./JG 5) during a raid on the town of Leirvik. In the resulting fighting five Mosquitos and five Fw 190s were shot down. By 9 February, the Ninth and Twelfth Squadrons of JG5 were based at Herdla near Bergen, about 65 mi to the south of Førde Fjord. These units were equipped with Fw 190s and the Twelfth Squadron was commanded by Leutnant Rudi Linz, a 28-year-old flying ace with 69 kills to his credit.</p><br>
<p>The German Z33 entered service in February 1943. She served in Norwegian waters from July of that year and saw combat on several occasions. She was the last German destroyer to leave northern Norway, and sailed for Germany on 5 February 1945. It was intended that Z31, which had completed initial repairs at Bergen after being heavily damaged in the Action of 28 January 1945, would join her to make a joint passage to the Baltic. However, Z33 ran aground in Brufjord on 7 February, damaging her port shaft and propeller and causing both engines to fail. She was subsequently taken under tow to be repaired in Trondheim.</p><br>
<h2>Battle</h2><br>
<h3>Preliminaries</h3><br>
<p>On the morning of 9 February, two New Zealand-crewed Beaufighters from No. 489 Squadron conducted a patrol of the Norwegian coast. These aircraft first sighted a 1,500-ton merchant ship in Stong Fjord. Continuing north, they were surprised to find a Narvik-class destroyer accompanied by a minesweeper and two flak ships in Førde Fjord. The aircraft continued their patrol and spotted five large merchant ships in the Nord Gulen and two minesweepers and a flak ship near Bremanger. Despite the pilots&#39; surprise, the Allied command was aware that Z33 was in the area from Ultra signals intelligence.</p><br>
<p>The Dallachy Wing was on alert to attack any ships found by the reconnaissance patrol. Although the group of five merchant ships were highly vulnerable to attack and a worthwhile target, Coastal Command came under the operational command of the Admiralty and was bound by its decision to give higher priority to attacking warships than merchant vessels. As a result, the wing was dispatched against Z33 even though the destroyer and its escorts were well protected and in a difficult position for aircraft to attack.</p><br>
<p>Wing Commander Jack Davenport, who had commanded No. 455 Squadron until October 1944 and was now on the staff of No. 18 Group RAF, planned the attack on Z33. The plan called for two outriders to precede the main force and confirm the location of the German ships. The Beaufighters would then arrive to the east of the German anchorage, turn to the west and attack the ships before escaping over the sea. Davenport sought to minimise Allied casualties, but the location of the German ships in a narrow and protected fjord meant that the operation was inherently risky.</p><br>
<p>After being spotted, the German ships in Førde Fjord sailed further up the fjord and prepared for an Allied attack. Z33 and several of her escorts anchored close to the steep southern slopes of the fjord near the village of Bjørkedal. Meanwhile, other ships moored near the northern shore after breaking up pack ice with gunfire. This anchorage was also protected by flak batteries on the shore of the fjord.</p><br>
<h3>Attack</h3><br>
<p>At 1:30 pm on 9 February, Milson led 31 or 32 Beaufighters into the air from Dallachy. The strike force was joined by either ten or twelve P-51 Mustang fighters from No. 65 Squadron RAF and two Warwick air-sea rescue aircraft from No. 279 Squadron RAF carrying life rafts to help any aircrew forced to ditch. All four of the Dallachy Wing&#39;s squadrons contributed aircraft to the force. The No. 404 and No. 455 Squadron Beaufighters were armed with "60lb" rockets while the aircraft from No. 144 Squadron and the single No. 489 Squadron Beaufighter dispatched were armed only with their four 20 mm cannon and six machine guns.</p><br>
<p>After the attackers crossed the Norwegian coastline at 3:40 pm, two Beaufighters from No. 144 and No. 489 Squadrons detached themselves from the main force and pressed ahead as outriders.</p><br>
<p>Several minutes later, the main body of the raid reached the southern shore of Førde Fjord travelling north. To their surprise, the Allied planes passed directly over the German ships and came under intense attack from anti-aircraft guns, though no aircraft were hit.</p><br>
<p>Milson led the first group of Beaufighters into Førde Fjord at about 4:10 pm. His aircraft escaped undamaged after attacking a flak ship and other Beaufighters followed him into the fjord. This led to an intense air battle, with over 50 aircraft either engaged in dogfights or diving to attack the German ships; it was the largest aerial conflict ever fought over Norway.</p><br>
<p>The fighting continued until 4:25 pm. Overall, the Germans killed 14 Allied airmen and took four prisoner of war. The Allies damaged Z33 and several of the other German ships and shot down either four or five Fw 190s. Linz and another German pilot were killed.</p><br>
<h2>Aftermath</h2><br>
<p>After departing the Førde Fjord area, the surviving Beaufighters, many of which were damaged, returned to RAF Dallachy. Several had difficulty making safe landings, and two were forced to land on their bellies due to undercarriage damage, but no further aircraft were lost. The air and ground crew were shocked by the scale of the losses, and the battle became known as "Black Friday". The losses suffered by the Dallachy Wing on 9 February were the highest any of Coastal Command&#39;s strike wings sustained in a single operation during the war.</p><br>
<p>The German fighters, many of which were short of fuel and ammunition, also broke off at about 4:25 pm and returned to base. On the night of 9/10 February, the German ships left Førde Fjord and continued their journey to Trondheim. A subsequent Allied attack on the ships by a different strike wing was also unsuccessful. Z33 arrived in Trondheim on 11 February and was repaired. She subsequently departed for Germany on 26 March and safely arrived in Swinemünde on 2 April. She did not see any further combat, and was decommissioned at Brunsbüttel in late April as the Navy lacked the fuel needed to operate her.</p><br>
<p>The losses incurred during the raid on Førde Fjord led to changes in the tactics used by RAF Coastal Command&#39;s anti-shipping squadrons. Following the attack, the Admiralty agreed to a proposal by Air Chief Marshal Sir Sholto Douglas, the commander of Coastal Command, to assign a higher priority to attacking merchant vessels than to destroyers and small warships. A second squadron of Mustangs was also assigned to protect Coastal Command aircraft operating near Norway from early March. Milson was awarded a bar to his Distinguished Service Order on 13 July 1945 for his leadership and personal courage during the raid on Førde Fjord, which was described in the citation as a "brilliantly executed operation".</p><br>
<p>The raid was commemorated in Norway after the war. A monument to the aircrew killed in the battle was dedicated in the town of Førde on 8 May 1985, the 40th anniversary of Norway&#39;s liberation. This monument was later moved to Bergen Airport. The Air Combat Museum in the town of Naustdal also houses photos, maps, aircraft parts and other artifacts relating to the battle.</p><br>
<p>Two of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters of JG 5 that flew against the RAF Beaufighters and Mustangs survive to this day — one, an F-model airframe with factory serial number, or Werknummer of 931 862, that crashed as a result of the "Black Friday" aerial engagements was found and recovered as a salvageable aircraft wreck in September 1983. It currently resides in Stow, Massachusetts, and had been under restoration by the "White 1 Foundation" of Kissimmee, Florida towards a resumption of full flightworthy status, until its 2012 transfer to the Collings Foundation&#39;s facilities in the Bay State to complete the work towards full flightworthy status. While still in Florida, in 2005 its last pilot, the former Luftwaffe Unteroffizier Heinz Orlowski visited it and sat one final time in the cockpit of his "under-restoration" Fw 190F-8, some sixty years after he last flew it and five years before his death in 2010. The other example, an Fw 190A-8 bearing the Werknummer 732 183 was flown by Luftwaffe 70-victory ace Rudi Linz in the engagement. His Fw 190A-8 is displayed in the Cottbus Hangar of the Military Aviation Museum in Pungo, Virginia, United States as of 2014.</p><br>
<p>The locations of several of the Beaufighter planes—gravesites—were found by marine archeologist Rob Rondeau and diving crew 60 years later. One site was given a commemorative plaque, in the presence of one surviving Canadian airman, Herbert (Bert) Ramsden, who participated in the action, and a sister of an airman who died there.</p><br>
<p>Bluestone Lake is a flood control reservoir located on the New River near Hinton, West Virginia. At its normal pool level, Bluestone Dam impounds a 10.7 mi stretch of the New and its tributary, the Bluestone River. Normally approximately 2,040 acre in size, the lake can grow to over 36 mi long at flood control pool. At higher water levels, the lake extends into Giles County, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Bluestone Dam</h2><br>
<p>The lake is formed by Bluestone Dam, a concrete gravity dam located just upstream of the confluence of the New and Greenbrier Rivers. The dam is 165 ft high and 2,048 ft long. Construction of the project was begun in early 1941, suspended in 1944 because of World War II. Work resumed in 1946, and completed for operational purposes in 1949.</p><br>
<p>In recent years, it was discovered that Bluestone Dam would be unable to pass the Probable Maximum Flood possible at the site, which could cause failure of the dam. To remedy the problem, the USA Army Corps of Engineers has undertaken a Dam Safety Assurance program for Bluestone. The DSA project includes raising the dam by 8 ft, installing anchors and thrust blocks to tie the dam into bedrock, spillway improvements and other work. The first phase of the project was completed in October 2004. The second phase, installing bedrock anchors, is underway as of March 2010 and expected to be finished in 2011. Three additional phases remain to be constructed.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Due to its large size, Bluestone Lake provides many recreational opportunities including boating and fishing. Camping and other activities are available in these facilities.</p><br>
<p>Burnsville Lake is both a recreational and flood control reservoir on Little Kanawha River located southeast of Burnsville in Braxton County, West Virginia. Burnsville Lake was authorized by the USA Congress in the Flood Control Act of 1938.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the Burnsville Lake project was begun in the summer of 1972 and the dam was completed in September 1976. The lake project controls the runoff from a drainage area of 165 square miles (427 km²). The dam is a rock-fill embankment dam rising 84.5 ft above the streambed. Top elevation is 839 ft above sea level, and the crest length is 1,400 ft. A gated spillway is located in the left abutment. The outlet works are located in the spillway section. The minimum pool is maintained at elevation 776 ft with a surface area of 550 acre. The summer pool is at elevation 789 ft and has a surface area of 968 acre. The flood control pool is at elevation 825 ft with a surface area of 1,900 acre.</p><br>
<p>Many people in Burnsville and surrounding communities opposed the building of the dam since the back waters would flood areas currently occupied and locations of ancestral homes. Cemeteries had to be moved and residents had to relocate. When the dam was built, there was no recreation area for local residents instead residents of Burnsville had to travel to Bulltown.</p><br>
<p>R. D. Bailey Lake is located on the Guyandotte River in Wyoming and Mingo Counties in West Virginia, 3.3 mi east of Justice. Originally referred to as Justice Reservoir, the lake was named by Congressional action, Public Law 90-46, on July 4, 1967 for Robert D. Bailey, Sr., a prominent jurist, diarist, and citizen of Pineville. R. D. Bailey lake was dedicated in August 1980.</p><br>
<p>The R. D. Bailey Dam is 310 ft high with a top length of 1,370 ft. A minimum pool with a surface area of 440 acre is maintained in the winter months. A seasonal pool for recreation and water quality control with a surface area of 630 acre is maintained during the summer. The lake&#39;s remaining storage capacity is for flood control.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>Feøy is a small island group in Karmøy municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The 1.3 km&sup2; island group lies west of the city of Haugesund and the island of Karmøy, southeast of the islands of Røvær, and northeast of the island of Utsira.</p><br>
<p>The island has 49 permanent residents, plus a number of seasonal residents and visitors who rent vacation homes. The permanent residents who are not retired support themselves either through sheep farming, fishing, or by commuting to jobs on the mainland. There is regular ferry service between Feøy, Røvær, and Haugesund. In addition, most residents also own at least one private boat which they can use to travel to Karmøy or Haugesund.</p><br>
<p>There is an old wharf on Feøy that was converted into the, a small meeting house and restaurant that caters meetings and parties.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the Germans occupied the small island with troops because the area was an organizing site for resistance workers moving between Norway and Britain.</p><br>
<p>Mount Saint Michael  is a former Seminary, School, Farm and Retreat for the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church in Spokane, Washington. It was later sold to Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen , a Sedevacantist Catholic group. Sedevacantists are traditionalist Catholics who do not accept the authority of the current Pope.</p><br>
<p>It serves as the home of Saint Michael&#39;s Academy and as a parish center for Sedevacanists in the Spokane area. It is staffed by the priests, brothers and sisters of the Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen. The main building serves as the motherhouse for the sisters. The rectory for the priests and brothers is also located on the property in a separate building.</p><br>
<p>Mount Saint Michael is listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>St. Michaels was founded by Father Joseph Caruana as a Jesuit mission just north of Spokane in the mid-19th century to serve the Native Americans in the area. In 1878, Caruanas successor, Father Joseph Cataldo, moved the mission to its current location with a purchase of almost 1,000 acres (4 km) of land at the price of $2 per acre. From 1881 until 1915, Mount St. Michael was used primarily as a farm, supplying now-Gonzaga University with fresh produce and dairy products.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 1915 construction began on a scholasticate to accommodate the rising number of vocations to the Jesuit order at the cost of $400,000. Father Arthuis, who had just completed St. Aloysius Gonzaga Church at Gonzaga University, was placed in charge of construction. He built a railroad 1100 feet (340 m) in length to convey building materials up the 320 foot (98 m) bluff. The four story Tudor-Gothic building was built in the shape of a “T” and contained a chapel, dining room, kitchen, gymnasium, physics and chemistry labs, lecture halls and residences for the scholastics.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s a grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes was built by one of the Jesuit brothers in fulfillment of a vow. Mass is offered at the outdoor chapel and faithful often gather here to pray the Rosary.</p><br>
<p>In 1929 work began on the three-story west wing. The new wing housed another 100 students and contained the new library. In 1930 a seismometer from Gonzaga University was moved to a basement laboratory at Mount St. Michael, where seismologists kept careful records of seismic activity. Mount St. Michael soon gained international acknowledgement as an important seismographic center.</p><br>
<p>At this time the 700 acre (2.8 km) farm provided all the food needed for the seminary. Jesuit brothers, farmers, tailors, bakers, cobblers, bee keepers and horticulturists, saw to the material needs of the community and the formation of the candidates placed in their charge. It was said to be one of the finest Jesuit houses of study in the world.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s the Jesuit order experienced a drastic drop in the number of vocations and Mount St. Michael closed its doors as a scholasticate in 1968. For the next ten years, Mount St. Michael served as a residence for retired Jesuit priests and as an ecumenical prayer and retreat center.</p><br>
<h2>Sedevacantist congregation</h2><br>
<p>In 1977, the Jesuits sold Mount St. Michael to the Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen, led by Francis Schuckardt. Mount St. Michael served as a boys&#39; school, seminary and rectory for the priests and brothers of the Congregation. Schuckardt was not ordained by the Roman Catholic Church but by American Old Catholic bishop Daniel Quilter Brown. Schuckardt founded a sedevacantist congregation at Mount St. Michael, and eventually declared himself the true Pope.</p><br>
<p>Schuckardt was succeeded by Denis Chicoine Casimir M. Puskorius and then Mark Pivarunas who is currently the congregation&#39;s Bishop.</p><br>
<p>The Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Church was formed under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane by 15 nuns expelled from Mount St. Michael in 2007 for rejecting their former group&#39;s Sedevacantist teaching.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Mount St. Michael serves a variety of needs for Spokane area sedevacantist Catholics. The east wing serves as a cloistered residence for the religious sisters. The west wing houses church offices, a religious gift shop with traditional Catholic books and religious goods, a library, and Saint Michael&#39;s Academy, a K-12 school for boys and girls.</p><br>
<p>A chapel located on the second floor serves as the parochial and school church and is used for the solemn celebration of the sacred liturgy in the Tridentine Mass.</p><br>
<h2>Sexual abuse allegations</h2><br>
<p>In September 2002 and January 2003, two lawsuits alleging sexual abuse of "roughly 25 plaintiffs" were filed against former Catholic priest Patrick ODonnell, not a member of CMRI, also naming the Catholic Diocese of Spokane as a defendant for its failure to protect children from ODonnell. Two of the plaintiffs, brothers Steve and Terry Barber, allege that ODonnell molested them at the Mount St. Michael Seminary. ODonnell has admitted to molesting some, but not all, of the plaintiffs.</p><br>
<p>Røvær is an island group about 10 km northwest of Haugesund in Rogaland county, Norway. The islands are part of Haugesund municipality. There is regular express boat service between Røvær, the neighboring island of Feøy, and the town of Haugesund. Most island residents also own a private boat and have a car parked in Haugesund that they use on the mainland. The ferry boats have capacity to take one car on board; a direct route between Røvær and Haugesund takes 25 minutes each way.</p><br>
<p>The 1.4 km&sup2; Røvær islands have about one hundred permanent residents (2014), as well as seasonal residents and visitors who rent vacation homes, stay at Røvær Seahouse (Røvær Sjøhus) or the newer Røvær Culture Hotel (Røvær Kulturhotell). The permanent residents who are not retired support themselves principally through farming, fishing, employment at the express boat service, teaching at the island&#39;s local school, working at the salmon fish farm, or by commuting to work on the mainland.</p><br>
<p>The weather can be nice in the summer (June to August) with temperatures between 15 to 27 C. Temperature in the winter time is around -5 to 10 C.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the island was occupied by German military forces, and there is still a concrete pillbox on Varden, the island&#39;s highest point.</p><br>
<p>Tolo , in Katharevousa known as Tolon  is a small village in Greece on the Peloponnese peninsula. It is part of the municipal unit Asini, in Argolis.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bay of Tolon (part of the Argolic Gulf) was first written about by Homer, as was Asini in the Iliad, named as one of the cities whose fleet took part in the Trojan War. In the centuries to come the bay of Tolon gave refuge to battle ships at various times and then during the Byzantine period was revived as an auxiliary port to Nafplio.</p><br>
<p>Following the Fourth Crusade and the break-up of the Byzantine Empire (1204 AD), along with the rest of the Peloponnese, the area came under Frankish rule until 1389 AD, when it was then taken over by the Venetians, and in 1540 AD to the Ottomans. In the 1680s, during the Morean War, the alliance between the Venetians, the Germans, and the Polish against the Ottoman Empire, the chief of the allied forces, Vice-admiral Francesco Morosini was ordered to capture the capital of the Peloponnese, Nafplio at that time, and the bay of Tolon was chosen as a place suitable as a base of operations for his expedition as it was the safest place in the region, while the shore was used for the army to camp. After the success of his expedition and until 1715 AD, when the area was again occupied by the Turks, Tolon was used as a secondary naval station for the Venetian fleet.</p><br>
<p>A monument of this time is the small church named Zoodochos Pigi, built in 1688, and the ruins of the fortress on the island of Daskaleio in the bay of Tolon. Fortifications, ruins of houses and reservoirs can also be found on Romvi island. Following the Greek Revolution, a number of ethnic-Greek refugees from Crete were resettled in Tolon.</p><br>
<p>After the establishment of the independent Kingdom of Greece, in 1834, by Royal Decree, a city was founded at the Port of Tolon and named Minoa after Minos the legendary king of Crete. After the liberation of Crete the remaining refugees in the area formed a fishing village which eventually became known as Tolon in 1916.</p><br>
<p>From the middle of the 20th century, Tolon saw the beginning of the tourist industry and evolved into a summer resort.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>There is frequent KTEL bus service every day from Nafplion.</p><br>
<p>Lenyadri , sometimes called Ganesa Lena, represents a series of about 30 rock-cut Buddhist caves, located about 5km north of Junnar in Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Other caves surrounding the city of Junnar are: Manmodi caves, Shivneri caves and Tulja caves.</p><br>
<p>Cave 7, originally a Buddhist vihara, has been adapted as a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Ganesha. It is one of the Ashtavinayak shrines, a set of the eight prominent Ganesha shrines in Western Maharashtra. Twenty-six of the caves are individually numbered. The caves face to the south and are numbered serially from east to west. Caves 6 and 14 are chaitya-grihas (chapels), while the rest are viharas (dwellings for monks). The latter are in the form of dwellings and cells. There are also several rock-cut water cisterns; two of them have inscriptions. The layout of the caves, in general, are similar in pattern and shape. They generally have one or two sides with two long benches for occupants&#39; use.</p><br>
<p>The caves date from between the 1st and 3rd century AD; the Ganesha shrine situated in Cave 7 is dated to the 1st century AD, though the date of conversion to a Hindu shrine is unknown. All of the caves arise from Hinayana Buddhism.</p><br>
<h2>Names</h2><br>
<p>The current name "Lenyadri" literally means "mountain cave". It is derived from Lena in Marathi meaning "cave" and adri in Sanskrit meaning "mountain" or "stone". The name "Lenyadri" appears in the Hindu scripture Ganesha Purana as well as in a Sthala Purana, in association to the Ganesha legend. It is also called Jeernapur and Lekhan parvat ("Lekhan mountain").</p><br>
<p>The hill is also known as Suleman Pahar ("Suleman hill") or Ganesh Pahar ("Ganesha hill"). An ancient inscription calls the place Kapichita (Kapichitta). The caves are also known as Ganesh Lena or Ganesh Caves.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Lenyadri is located at 19&deg;14&prime;34&Prime;N latitude, 73&deg;53&prime;8&Prime;E longitude, in the Indian state of Maharashtra in Pune district. Lenyadri is a deserted location, with no human settlement nearby. It is located at about 3 mi from Junnar, the headquarters of Junnar taluka. It is also approached through Nanaghat, which was originally on the trade route between Aparantaka or the northern Konkan and the Deccan and descending to the plains of the Junnar town, dated to about 100 years before Christ was born. The circular hill, where Lenyadri caves have been emboweled, raises about 100 ft above the plains in the Hatkeshwar and Suleiman ranges.</p><br>
<p>Lenyadri is the only Ashtavinayaka temple on a mountain and within the precincts of Buddhist caves.</p><br>
<h2>Cave 7: Ganesha Temple</h2><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>The Ganesha temple is located in Cave 7, the largest excavation around Junnar, about 100 ft above the plains. It is essentially a Buddhist Vihara (a dwelling for monks, mostly with meditation cells) in design, an unpillared hall with 20 cells with varying dimensions; 7 on either side and 6 on the rear wall. The hall is large, can be entered by a central door, under a pillared veranda. The hall is 17.37 m long; 15.54 m wide and 3.38 m high. There are 2 windows on either side of the entrance. The hall is treated now as a sabha-mandapa ("assembly hall") of the Ganesha temple. 283 steps built (by devotees) in stone masonry over eight flights lead to the entrance. The steps are believed to represent sensual pleasures, which Ganesha has overcome. The veranda has six pillars and two pilasters (half-pillars), that support "an architrave from which projects eaves relieved with a railing resting on beams and rafters". The pillars have octagonal shafts and "over benches and back rest and topped by an inverted ghata, compressed amalaka in between two square plates, inverted stepped pyramid and finally crowned by a bracket" with tigers, elephants and bulls.</p><br>
<p>In a later period, the two central cells of the rear wall have been combined by breaking the partition in between to house the Ganesha image. The Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency (1882) records that the hall was plastered and white-washed. The paintings depicted Ganeshas childhood, marriage preparations, battle with demons and so forth, along with scenes of other Hindu deities like Devi, Krishna, Vishnu and Shiva. Some of the cells fitted with wooden doors were used for storage. Nine Sati memorials were added on the left wall during the conversion, each is in the shape of a long pillar with an arched top, and to the right of each pillar a hand raised above the elbow, with an open palm, signifies Satis blessing. While three panels were plain, the other memorials were sculpted. All of them are worn out, but one of them hints that its subject may be the immolation of Sati on her husband&#39;s funeral pyre.</p><br>
<p>The Ganesha form worshipped here is called Girijatmaja (गिरिजात्मज). The name is either interpreted as "mountain-born" or as "Atmaja of Girija", the son of Parvati, who herself is daughter of the mountain Himavan, a personification of the mountains of Himalayas. The features of the Ganesha icon, seen on the back wall of the cave, are the least distinct vis-a-vis the other Ashtavinayak temples. Though the temple faces the inauspicious south, - according to a local tradition - the deity faces north, with his back to his worshipper and his face visible on the other side of the mountain. The Peshwa rulers even tried in vain to locate the face of Ganesha on the other side. The central icon was covered with brass-plated wooden armour, given as a gift by Junnar. Brahmins, The armour is not present currently. After it was removed, Ganesha could be seen with his trunk turned to the left side, facing east, with one of his eyes visible. The icon is covered with sindoor and is directly formed/sculpted on the stone wall of the cave.</p><br>
<p>Like all Ashtavinayaka temples, the central Ganesha image is believed to be svayambhu (self-existent), a naturally occurring stone formation resembling an elephant-face.</p><br>
<h3>Legend</h3><br>
<p>According to the Ganapatya scripture Ganesha Purana, Ganesha incarnated as Mayuresvara or Mayureshwar, who had six arms and a white complexion. His mount was a peacock. He was born to Shiva and Parvati in the Treta yuga, for the purpose of killing the demon Sindhu.</p><br>
<p>Once Parvati (Girija) asked her husband Shiva who he was meditating on. He said he was meditating on "the supporter of the entire universe" - Ganesha, and initiated Parvati with the Ganesha Mantra "Gam". Desiring to have a son, Parvati underwent austerities meditating on Ganesha, for twelve years at Lenyadri. Pleased by her penance, Ganesha blessed her with the boon that he will be born as her son. Accordingly, on the fourth lunar day of the bright fortnight of the Hindu month Bhadrapada (Ganesh chaturthi day), Parvati worshipped a clay image of Ganesha, which came alive. Thus, Ganesha was born to Parvati at Lenyadri. Later, he was named Gunesha by Shiva. Shiva gave him a boon that whosoever remembers him before starting a job, will successfully complete that task. For 15 years Gunesha grew up at Lenyadri. Sindhu, who knew that his death would be at the hands of Gunesha, sent demons like Krur, Balasur, Vyomasur, Kshemma, Kushal, and many more, to kill Gunesha, but all of them were instead killed by him. At the age of six, the architect-god Vishwakarma worshipped Gunesha and endowed him with the weapons Pasha (noose), Parashu (axe), Ankusha (hook) and Padma (Lotus). Once, little Gunesha knocked an egg from a mango tree, from which emerged a peacock. Gunesha mounted the peacock and assumed the name Mayuresvara. Mayuresvara later killed Sindhu and his army-generals at Morgaon, the most important Ashtavinayaka temple.</p><br>
<h3>Worship</h3><br>
<p>Lenyadri is one of the eight revered Ganesha temples collectively called Ashtavinayaka. While some believe that order of visiting the temples in an Ashtavinayaka pilgrimage is irrelevant, Lenyadri is usually visited as the 6th temple.</p><br>
<p>The caves including the temple lie under the control of the Archaeological Survey of India. Sardar Deshpande is the priest in charge of the temple&#39;s activities. He does not stay in Lenyadri. The priests there claim to be Yajurvedi Brahmins. The festivals of Ganesh Jayanti and Ganesh Chaturthi are celebrated in the temple, when pilgrims crowd all Ashtavinayak temples.</p><br>
<h2>Chaityas (chapels)</h2><br>
<p>Cave 6 is the main chaitya-griha of the Lenyadri caves and one of the earliest examples of a Hinayana chaitya-griha. Its plan is similar to the Ajanta Caves chaitya-griha, though smaller in size. It has a veranda, pillars and pilasters with animal-capitals, and a shrine with 5 steps at the entrance. The shrine hall is entered by a plain and a socketed-door measuring 1.8 m in width and 2.79 m in height. The hall measures 13.3 m in length; 6.7 m in width and 7 m in height. It has a row of five pillars and one pilaster on each side of the chaitya or Dagoba or stupa (central relic-shrine), located at the rear of the hall. A start was made on a typical large arched window above the entrance, but this was never completed, and remains a blind recess.</p><br>
<p>The Satakarni period pillars begin with a four-plated pyramid structure, then a waterpot base, followed by an eight-sided shaft, above a reversed pot, then a capital in five plates, and on the top the amalaka or cogwheel pattern. The capital has animal figures like lions, elephants, a sphinx and tigers. Parts of the pillar are broken. Behind the relic-shrine, are six eight-sided pillars, arranged in a curve. "The stupa consists of a drum with a moulding below and railing above, a globular dome and a corbelled (with "a projection jutting out from a wall to support a structure above it") dome with a railing at the base." The stupa has Buddhist tridents carved on it. A hole is carved for fixing garlands in the front and 5 holes on the top probably to fix a central wooden umbrella and side flags. A 2nd century, swastika-flanked inscription on the back wall of the veranda translates: "A meritorious gift of a chapel cave by the distinguished Sulasadata, son of Heranika of Kalyana."</p><br>
<p>Between caves 5 and 6, on higher level, is an excavation originally intended either for a dwelling or for a seat, but converted into a cistern following discovery of a rock-fault. On its left side is a bench.</p><br>
<p>This cave, also a chaitya-griha, has a flat roof. However, it has no pillars in the hall that measures 6.75 m in length; 3.93 m in width and 4.16 m in height. It has a pillared veranda; pillars are in octagonal shape. The stupa is in three steps with a base of 2.6 m diameter. The rim has a railing design surrounded by a cylindrical drum with “a square harmika with railing pattern and an inverted stepped pyramidal abacus.” A carved chhatri covers the ceiling. The pillars of the veranda consist of octagonal shafts resting on ghata base over a stepped pedestal. An inverted kalasha adorns the top, which also has a corbelled abacus. Inscription on the back wall of the veranda dates the cave to the 2nd century A.D. The inscription translates as: "A meritorious gift of a chapel cave given by Ananda, a son of Tapasa and grandson of Upasaka."</p><br>
<h2>Other viharas (monk dwellings)</h2><br>
<p>Cave 1 is divided into four parts: a veranda, a middle room, a cell, and a half cell. The veranda has a bench along the right wall. Its front possibly had two quadrangular pillars, traces of one are seen around the ceiling. A rock beam was present over the pillars, above the beam ribs and a rail pattern could have existed. In a recess below the veranda is an earth-filled cistern. A door with a small window to the left leads into the middle room. The middle room has a bench along the right wall. Towards the back of the middle room, to the left, is the half cell and to the right the cell. The half-cell has a bench along the right wall and to the left, has a square window connecting it to cave 2. A door with grooves for fitting a wooden frame, leads into the cell which has a bench along its right wall.</p><br>
<p>Cave 2 is similar to cave 1 in design. The veranda has two pillars and two pilasters, a bench between each pillar and pilaster with curtains in the back, which have a rail pattern. Over the pillars rests the rail-patterned rock beam, above which is the ceiling. Parts of the pillars and pilasters are broken. In front over the beam project rock imitations of rafters. A doorway with grooves for a wooden frame, leads into a middle room, with a bench along the left wall. The position of the hall-cell and cell are exchanged with respect to cave 1 design. Each has a bench.</p><br>
<p>Cave 3 has an open veranda and a cell. The veranda has a bench along the back wall. A door leads to a cell, which has a seat in a left recess. In front of the recess, below the seat, are vertical bands. Between caves 2 and 3 there is a seat in the front, in a recess.</p><br>
<p>Cave 4 has an open veranda and a cell. The veranda has a bench, along the back wall. A grooved door leads to a cell, which has a bench along the right wall. A broken window is to the left of door and to its right, a small hole, which could have been used to wash feet before entering the cell.</p><br>
<p>Cave 5 is located 12 ft lower to left of cave 4. It is divided into 3 parts: veranda, a middle hall and seven cells of varying size, three in the back wall and two in each side wall. Thus it is known as a saptagarbha layana (seven cell dwelling). The veranda had two pillars and two pilasters with pot capitals of the Satakarni period (B.C. 90-A.D. 300), of which only the right broken pilaster and a trace of the base of the right pillar remain. In front of the veranda, an open court with two steps lead to the veranda. To the right of the court is a cistern. In the back wall of the veranda, to the left of the door to the middle hall, close under the broken verandah ceiling, is a single line inscription, flanked by the Buddhist trident in the beginning and swastika at the end. It is translated as: "A meritorious gift of a seven-celled cave and cistern by a guild of corn-dealers." The door also has windows on both its sides. Throughout the middle hall in the front of the cells is a bench. A bench is also built in the back wall of the cells.</p><br>
<p>Cave 8 is a difficult-to-reach dwelling. It consists of a veranda with a cell and a half cell in its back wall, both entered through the veranda. The cell has a broken door, a small window, benched recess and a peg hole. The half cell has an open front and a bench at the back.</p><br>
<p>Cave 9 located to the right of Cave 8, can be entered via the latter&#39;s veranda. Cave 9 has its own veranda and a hall. The veranda has four Satakarni-period, broken pillars. The hall has a larger central door - with windows on either side - and a side door, both having grooves for wooden frames. The purpose of this hall is unknown and speculated to be a school or study.</p><br>
<p>Cave 10 is located at a higher level than cave 9 and is difficult to reach as its front is broken. An open veranda with a broken ceiling and floor leads to a middle room through a grooved broken door, which has windows on either side. The right wall of the hall has a recess with a seat. A cell to the left of the room has a seat in a recess. A door from the cell leads to a half-cell which has a recess and seat. Traces of painting are seen on the ceiling. Outside the veranda to the left is a cistern.</p><br>
<p>Cave 11 is difficult to reach with a broken front and a hall. To the left of a hall is a cell, lower in height than the hall. The hall has a grooved doorway and a recess with a seat at the back. Outside the hall is a view seat. The cave bears traces of paint.</p><br>
<p>Cave 12 is a small dwelling entered by a door from the veranda of cave 11. It has its own open veranda, which has a partly broken floor and ceiling and recessed benches on the left and right of the door to the middle room. The middle room has a small window to the left of the door and a seat recess in its right wall. In the back wall of the middle room to the left is a half cell - which has a seat recess - and a cell with a grooved door. The floor of the cave has a coating of cement, while the ceiling of the middle room bears painted concentric circles.</p><br>
<p>Cave 13 on a slightly higher level than cave 12, is a small dwelling with an open court and from 2 steps lead to a veranda. To the right of the court is a cistern. The veranda has a bench along its right wall. The front of the veranda has 2 benches, flanked by a plain eight-sided pillar and pilaster; some remnants of these survive. On the right pilaster is a double crescent ornament. A grooved door leads to a middle room, which has a bench along the right wall and seat recess to the left. A window is to the left of door. In the back wall of the middle room a cell (left) - with a grooved bench and a bench - and a half cell (right) are seen. The ceiling has traces of painting.</p><br>
<p>Cave 15 is a small dwelling consisting of a cell with an unproved doorway and a veranda. Though the side walls of the cave are still preserved, the ceiling is half broken.</p><br>
<p>Cave 16 is a small dwelling, on a slightly higher level above cave 15. It has a cell with a bench along its right wall and a veranda, which leads to the cell through a door. The side walls as well as a part of the ceiling are broken.</p><br>
<p>Cave 17 comprises a series of three small dwellings located along a row with a shared veranda. The first dwelling has a doorway flanked by broken windows on either side, leading to a middle room. The back room of the middle dwelling has a cell to the right and a half cell to the left. A window is located to left of door to the cell. The cell also has traces of painting. The half cell has a bench. The second dwelling has a middle room, a half cell to the left, and a cell, reached from the right of the half cell. The middle room has a bench. The half cell has a recess in its back wall, along with a bench. A grooved door leads from the half-cell to the cell, which also has a bench. A window in the right cell overlooks in to the middle room. In front of the doorway is a bench. The third and largest of the three dwellings consists of a middle hall. At the back wall of the hall there are two cells and two seat recesses. Along the right and rear walls runs a bench. The right cell as well as the left cell have grooved doorways, a window to the left of the doorway and a bench along each of their rear walls. In front of the hall door is a bench. In front of the broken veranda are holes for fixing wooden pillars. To the left of the veranda are two cisterns. Between cave 17 and cave 18, there are three other cisterns. In the recess of the first cistern, an inscription reads translated: "A meritorious gift of a cistern by Saghaka a goldsmith, son of Kudira of Kalyana." Another inscription in the recess of the second cistern reads translated: "A meritorious gift of a cistern by Lachhinika (wife) of Torika the Na daka Nadabalika, wife of Isimulasami."</p><br>
<p>Cave 18 is a dining hall with a front wall and a grooved doorway, on either side of which are windows. A bench runs along the back and side walls. The passage to the hall has 3 broken steps and an open court in the front. A cistern is located to the left of the court.</p><br>
<p>Cave 18 has two dedicatory inscriptions by Yavana (Indo-Greek) donors for the usage of the monks of the Samgha:</p><br>
<p>Inscription No.5 mentions the gift of two cisterns to the monks by a Yavana donor named Irila, which could be the transcription of a Greek name such as "Euralyus".</p><br>
<p>Inscription No.8 mentions the gift of a dining hall to the samgha by a Yavana donor named Chita.</p><br>
<p>Similar donations by Yavanas can be found at the Nasik caves and the Great Chaitya of the Karla caves.</p><br>
<p>Cave 19 is a cell without a front wall and a bench runs along the left wall. The ceiling shows signs of a dressed stone or wooden screen from the right wall to the end of the bench. To the right is a small cell in the same roof, probably connected with cave 19. The small cell has a bench along its right wall and the grooved doorway. The cave has two cisterns.</p><br>
<p>Cave 20 is a small dwelling, hard to reach as the front is broken. To the right is a passage and to the left a cell with a bench along the entire left wall.</p><br>
<p>Cave 21 is approached through a small crevice from cave 20, in the absence of any direct approach. Its living space has a veranda of fairly large size. There is also an inner cell with a grooved door frame. Seating benches have been cut into shallow spaces both in the cell and in the veranda.</p><br>
<p>Cave 22 adjoins cave 21 on the left and it was also a dwelling unit with a bench for the entire length of the back wall. A window from this hall overlooks another smaller room. An entry through a grooved door gives access to a long corridor and in the back wall of which is an inscription that discloses the name of the donor and the monastic order.</p><br>
<p>Cave 23 has two dwelling units with a long passage with shallow niches with seating provisions on the left wall. A door provides links to the rooms. A 2 ft niche in the back wall between the two rooms gives no clue of its purpose.</p><br>
<p>Cave 24 is a long cave with difficult access that leads into a cistern with seating arrangements in the niches. There is a door access to the passage, which also has benches for seating.</p><br>
<p>Cave 25 is longer than cave 24 with several small and big rooms. These rooms also have seating arrangements in niches which display irregular excavations denoting poor condition of the rock, which probably stopped further work on this cave.</p><br>
<p>This is plain cave located below cave 6, which is a chaitya (chapel) cave.</p><br>
<h2>Second group of caves (unnumbered)</h2><br>
<p>On another spur of the same Lenyadri hill, there are four more caves (not numbered) that face south-south west and are cut into precipitous hill slopes. Based on their unfinished conditions, they are interpreted as early caves. The details are: a small chaitya with a relic-shrine and a door, with unfinished irregular rock faces. The entrance is decorated with ornamentation that depict relic-shrine, a lotus flower and geometrical patterns; another is an inaccessible cave with two rooms, a well, and stone beds in three adjoining rooms with an incomplete relic-shrine in low relief; two other adjoining caves have a chapel and a front veranda.</p><br>
<h3>Description</h3><br>
<p>Passing round the east end of the hill, after a walk of fully a mile, or about four miles from the town, in another spur of the Sulaiman Pahar, is a group of caves in the face of the hill, 400 feet above the level of Junnar, and facing S.S.W. They are usually represented as inaccessible, from the precipice in front of them being almost perpendicular; they are very difficult of access, and dangerous to attempt for any one not accustomed to climbing.</p><br>
<p>The most easterly of them is a small Chaitya-cave only 8 feet 3 inches wide, and 22 feet 4 inches in length, or 15 feet 4 inches from the door to the dagoba, which is 4 feet 10 inches in diameter and 9 feet 4 inches high. The walls are not straight, nor the floor level. The side aisles have not been begun, and altogether no part of the interior is quite finished, except the upper part of the dagoba. To the top of the architrave or triforium is 16 feet, and to the centre of the roof 18 feet 2 inches. Outside, the façade is carved with Chaitya window ornaments, some enclosing a dagoba, and others a lotus flower; while the rail ornament is abundantly interspersed in the usual way. The fronton round the window is also carved with a geometrical pattern. The details of this cave seem to indicate that it is perhaps as early as those at Bedsa and Karle, and consequently it is among the earlier excavations about Junnar.</p><br>
<p>Next to it, but higher up and almost inaccessible, are two cells; then a well; and, thirdly, a small vihara, with three cells, two of them with stone-beds. Some rough cutting on the back wall between the cell-doors resembles a dagoba in low relief, but it is quite unfinished. Outside are two more cells and a chamber or chapel at the end of a veranda that runs along in front both of the vihara and the cells.</p><br>
<p>Monte Verde  is the tallest mountain in the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. The mountain is located 8 km east of the city of Mindelo, the island&#39;s main city and is 750 m tall. The mountain is part of a natural park. It is an example of a sub-humid ecosystem. Of the 93 inventoried species of flora, 17 are on the list of endangered species of São Vicente. Examples of species that are not found elsewhere on the island are Limonium jovi-barba, Sonchus daltonii, Echium stenosiphon ssp. stenosiphon, Campanula jacobaea, Davallia canariensis and Kickxia elegans.</p><br>
<p>The view at the top of Monte Verde is spectacular featuring views of the entire island including Baía das Gatas and the city of Mindelo as well as the islands Santa Luzia to the east and Santo Antão to the northwest.</p><br>
<p>The park area is 800 hectares and also includes much of Monte Madeiral which elevates 600 m and the second tallest in the island.</p><br>
<p>Also, the mountains give public passage as a large cultural interest.</p><br>
<p>The telecommunications transmitter is located near the mountain top and serves television and radio throughout the island and into the islets.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural reference</h2><br>
<p>Symphony No. 6 which is titled "Monte Verde" was an orchestra done by Vasco Martins along with another orchestral work Calmas tardes no Monte Verde (Calm Winds on Monte Verde).</p><br>
<p>Elassona  is a town and a municipality in the Larissa regional unit in Greece. During antiquity Elassona was called Oloosson - Ὀλοοσσών and was a town of the ancient "Perrhaebi", known today as Thessaly. It is situated at the foot of Mount Olympus. Elassona is bypassed by the GR-3 .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Unlike the rest of Thessaly, which was annexed by Greece in 1881, Elassona remained part of the Ottoman Empire until 1912, when it joined Greece (along with Crete, Macedonia and Epirus) following victory in the Balkan Wars.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Elassona was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 9 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Antichasia</p><br>
<p>Elassona</p><br>
<p>Karya</p><br>
<p>Livadi</p><br>
<p>Olympos</p><br>
<p>Potamia</p><br>
<p>Sarantaporo</p><br>
<p>Tsaritsani</p><br>
<p>Verdikoussa</p><br>
<h3>Subdivisions</h3><br>
<p>The municipal unit of Elassona is divided into the following communities:</p><br>
<p>Elassona (Elassona, Agioneri, Aetorrachi, Mikro Eleftherochori)</p><br>
<p>Drymos</p><br>
<p>Evangelismos</p><br>
<p>Galanovrysi</p><br>
<p>Kefalovryso</p><br>
<p>Palaiokastro</p><br>
<p>Stefanovouno (Stefanovouno, Lefki)</p><br>
<p>Valanida (Valanida, Kleisoura)</p><br>
<h3>Municipal changes</h3><br>
<p>Until March 15, 2006, Tsaritsani was part of the municipality (now municipal unit) of Elassona and functioned as a municipal district. Under the law 3448/15-3-2006, Tsaritsani got separated from the municipality and declared a commune. The loss of its population and land leaves the remaining municipality with an adjusted 2001 census population of 12,056 and a land area of 291.097 km².</p><br>
<h2>Province</h2><br>
<p>The province of Elassona (Επαρχία Ελασσόνας) was one of the provinces of the Larissa Prefecture. It had the same territory as the present municipality. It was abolished in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Elassona has an area of 1565.2 km, the municipal unit Elassona has an area of 291.097 km (excluding Tsaritsani), and the community Elassona has an area of 102.515 km.</p><br>
<p>Its geography includes farmlands in the valley areas, the mountains to the west and east and forests in the west and east as well as grasslands, ledges are to be founded in some areas and barren area in the higher elevations.</p><br>
<p>The rivers Elassonitis (or Elassonitikos) and Titarisio flow through Elassona and they both flow into the Pineios River, Thessaly&#39;s longest river. The river divides the town into two parts, the older city built on the Olympiotissa hill and is also Varosi or Varossi (Βαρόσι), and the new city on the right bank of the river. These two parts of the city are connected by four bridges, one of which is an ancient stone arch bridge. The other part is near the Kefalovrysi Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Elassona is linked with the old GR-3 and is bypassed to the east. Elassona is located 70 km southwest of Katerini, 38 km NNW of Larissa (old: about 50 km), 22 km NW of Tyrnavos (old: 30 km), east of Deskati and Grevena and 78 km ESE of Kozani.</p><br>
<p>Franklin National Bank, based in Franklin Square in Long Island, New York was once the United States&#39; 20th largest bank. On October 8, 1974, it collapsed in obscure circumstances, involving Michele Sindona, renowned Mafia-banker and member of the irregular freemasonic lodge, Propaganda Due. It was at the time the largest bank failure in the history of the country.</p><br>
<h2>History and banking innovations</h2><br>
<p>The bank was founded as Franklin Square National Bank in 1926 (but changed its name to Franklin National Bank in 1947). Its original location was built in 1929 on Franklin Square. It was subsequently expanded in stages through 1955. It consists of the original 1929 one-story, Colonial Revival style building; a 1939 expansion; a 1946/47 expansion which included the addition of a second floor, pediment, partial hipped roof, cupola, rear four-story addition and a two-story banking hall; and a 1955 four-story rear office addition and drive-through teller. The building remained the bank&#39;s headquarters until 1960, when a new headquarters was built in Mineola, New York.</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>and The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Arthur T. Roth joined the bank in 1934 as head teller and became president in 1946. Under his leadership, Franklin National Bank introduced many banking innovations, such as:</p><br>
<p>Junior savings accounts (1947)</p><br>
<p>The drive up teller window (1950)</p><br>
<p>The bank credit card (1951)</p><br>
<p>A no-smoking policy on banking floors (1958)</p><br>
<p>Installed outdoor teller machines at branch banks (1968)</p><br>
<p>Franklin Savings Bond which later developed into the Certificate of Deposit. (1969)</p><br>
<p>In 1964, Franklin opened branch offices in New York City, and in 1967 merged with Federation Bank & Trust Company. In 1968, Roth was removed as CEO by his protégé, Harold Gleason, after an alleged conflict of interest real estate scandal involving Donald Roth and the proposed airfield development at Calverton, NY (see Newsday). In 1970, Roth lost his position as Chairman and was pushed off the board of directors in favor of an influential future promised by Michele Sindona. Gleason then became Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, inviting Laurence Tisch to join as Vice Chairman as he was a 22% shareholder.</p><br>
<h2>Collapse</h2><br>
<p>In 1972, Michele Sindona, a banker with close ties to the Mafia, the pseudo-masonic lodge P2, and the Nixon administration, purchased controlling interest in Long Island&#39;s Franklin National Bank, from Laurence Tisch, Chairman of Loews Corporation, which owned hotels in Italy. Later the USA Comptroller of the Currency declared Tisch an unqualified director for reasons of conflict of interest, paving the way for Sindona to take over Franklin. Sindona paid more than Tisch had paid for the stock. Tisch was later sued by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the sale of his shares to Sindona. Tisch had bought the shares in a gradual accumulation as a favor for Sindona. It would appear the sudden need to sell the shares and Sindona sitting in the wings, allowed the purchase of shares by Sindona to appear as a golden angel to the rescue. Harold Gleason orchestrated the situation by appointing Tisch as a Board Member, creating the conflict of interest circumstance which would allow Tisch to make the sale to Sindona for other than investment quality reasons. Neither the Comptroller of the Currency, the FDIC, or the Security and Exchange Commission showed any interest in the matter.</p><br>
<p>As a result of his acquisition of a controlling stake in Franklin, Sindona finally had a money laundering operation to aid his ties to Vatican Bank and the Sicilian drug cartel. Sindona used the bank&#39;s ability to transfer funds, produce letters of credit, and trade in foreign currencies to begin building a banking empire in the USA Allegedly Sindona used his influence in the Republican Party and the Nixon administration to ensure that his background did not inhibit his ability to become Vice Chairman and largest stockholder in the bank. Unfortunately Sindona began to suffer huge losses in the foreign exchange markets, and decided to defraud the bank of $30,000,000 to cover his losses, which brought the bank below its capital needs to operate. In mid-1974, management revealed huge losses and depositors started taking out large withdrawals, causing the bank to have to borrow over $1 billion from the Federal Reserve Bank. On 8 October 1974, the bank was declared insolvent due to mismanagement and fraud, involving losses in foreign currency speculation and poor loan policies.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, Peter Shaddick, the former executive vice-chairman of the banks international division, pleaded guilty to fraud. Following their 1979 trial in Federal District Court in New York, Gleason, Paul Luftig, the banks former president and chief administrative officer, and J. Michael Carter, a former senior vice president, were convicted of falsifying financial records. The Italian lawyer and liquidator of Sindona&#39;s Italian financial empire, Giorgio Ambrosoli, provided the US Justice Department with evidence to convict Sindona for his role in the collapse of the Bank. Ambrosoli was killed by a Mafia hitman commissioned by Sindona in July 1979.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, "mysterious Michele" was convicted in the United States and in 1984 was extradited to Italy. In March 1986, he died of cyanide poisoning while serving a life sentence. Some sources indicate he was murdered, while others indicate he committed suicide. Murder could have been by actors in revenge of Sindonas alleged murder of the Pope. Others say there was fear that old men in jail talk as they contemplate their doom. Franklins assets were later purchased by European American Bank, itself later acquired by Citigroup.</p><br>
<p>Boggy Depot is a ghost town and Oklahoma State Park that was formerly a significant city in the Indian Territory. It grew as a vibrant and thriving town in present-day Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States and became a major trading center on the Texas Road and the Butterfield Overland Mail route between Missouri and San Francisco. After the American Civil War when the MKT Railroad came through, it bypassed Boggy Depot and the town began a steady decline. It was soon replaced by Atoka as the chief city in the area. By the early 20th century, all that remained of the community was a sort of ghost town.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians founded the town in 1837. The United States government had moved the Choctaws and Chickasaws to Indian Territory from Mississippi and Alabama in the 1830s. While at first the two tribes lived together on the Choctaw land, the Chickasaws later emigrated to the western portions of the Indian Territory and formed their own separate nation on land transferred to them by the Choctaw.</p><br>
<p>In 1834, General Henry Leavenworth built the military road from Camp Washita (later Fort Washita) to Fort Gibson. For years this road served as a dividing line between the Choctaw and Chickasaw lands. Afterwards a treaty created a formal dividing line between the nations, with Boggy Depot on the east side of the line in Choctaw lands. The Reverend Cyrus Kingsbury established the church in Boggy Depot in 1840. The church building was the temporary capitol of the Choctaw Nation in 1859. Boggy Depot received a post office in 1848, and in 1858 became a stop on the Butterfield Overland Stage line. During the Civil War, a Union raiding party fought a Confederate group at the Battle of Middle Boggy Depot a few miles northeast of Boggy Depot, which had become the major supply depot in Indian Territory for the Confederates.</p><br>
<p>As part of the treaty between the Five Civilized Tribes and the United States government at the end of the Civil War the tribes had to allow the construction of a north to south railroad across their lands. This railroad became a reality in 1872. The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway, or Katy, ran 12 mi east of Boggy Depot and was the end of the town&#39;s importance. The city of Atoka, on the railroad, flourished while Boggy Depot languished and became a ghost town. The Boggy Depot post office officially closed on July 31, 1934.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>Today little remains of the original town except for a few stone foundations and the cemetery. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright and the Reverend Cyrus Kingsbury are buried there. Boggy Depot Park 34&deg;19&prime;14&Prime;N latitude, 96&deg;18&prime;28&Prime;W longitude, formerly known as Boggy Depot State Park, is a recreation area that commemorates the old town and the history of the area. The park gets its name from Clear Boggy Creek and from its use as a Confederate commissary depot during the Civil War. The park features a fishing lake, nature trail, baseball diamond, playground, picnic tables, group picnic shelters, charcoal grills, and comfort stations with showers. After the state announced that it would close the park as a budget-cutting measure, the Choctaw tribe took over ownership and management responsibilities. This is no longer a state park. Boggy Depot was added to the National Register of Historic Places (#72001050) in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Chickasaw nation was reluctant to spend its funds on major capital improvements unless it had clear title to the property. In 2013, the Oklahoma House of Representatives considered a bill to transfer ownership of the property to the Chickasaws.</p><br>
<h2>Media</h2><br>
<p>Jerry Cantrell from the grunge band Alice in Chains named his first solo album Boggy Depot, after the area where his father grew up.</p><br>
<p>The Quill is a dormant stratovolcano located on the island of Sint Eustatius in the Caribbean Netherlands. The summit elevation is 601 m above sea-level. It is also the second highest mountain in the Netherlands.</p><br>
<p>The name Quill originates from the Dutch term kuil, meaning pit or hole, which was used originally with reference to the volcanic crater. The Quill was designated as a national park by the government of the Netherlands Antilles in 1998. It is administered by the Sint Eustatius National Parks Foundation, STENAPA, which maintains a number of trails for hikers.</p><br>
<p>The Quill formed between 22,000 and 32,000 years before present to the southeast of Sint Eustatius (Statia) in the West Indies. Pyroclastic flows during the initial eruption joined the Quill with what is now the rest of Sint Eustatius. The Quill has been active since its birth; the last known eruption, as determined by carbon dating, occurred between 1,755 and 1,635 years before present. Since volcanic eruptions from the Quill have included pyroclastic flows, and because groundwater heating indicates that the Quill is only dormant, the volcano must be regarded as potentially dangerous.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The crater of the Quill contains a lush rainforest populated by native and introduced tropical trees and plants. These include elephant ears, tree ferns, begonias, figs, plantains, bananas, bromeliads, trumpet wood, mahogany, seedless breadfruit, Surinam cherry, ginger bush and edible raspberries, as well as at least 17 different kinds of orchids. Resident animal species include iguanas, anoles, snakes, Caribbean hermit crabs, butterflies, exotic birds, and occasional goats and chickens that have strayed from nearby Oranjestad.</p><br>
